Campus Recruitment – Logical Reasoning – Non Verbal Reasoning

Concepts

In this type of questions you will be given set of figures and asked you to identify next figure or odd figure. This chapter can be further classified into the following sections.

1. Analogy
2. Classification
3. Series
4. Addition
5. Subtraction
6. Addition and subtraction
7. Rotation-clockwise
8. Rotation-anti clockwise
9. Horizontal
10. Vertical
11. Alternative-rotation
12. Combination (clock wise rotation with addition/ subtraction)

Analogy: Analogy question contains three figures and it asks to find out the fourth figure, we have to identify the relation between first two figures then apply the same relation to third figure for finding the fourth figure.
Example: 1)

Explanation: From figure-1 to 2, the lines are rotated 90° clockwise and the circle, triangle, square are moved to its opposite side. The same rule is applied to figure-3 to obtain figure-4. The answer is option-b.

Classification: In classification question you will be given five figures from which you have to identify the odd one. i.e. four figures out of the five are connected to each other whereas one figure is no way connected. That figure is the answer for given question.
Example.

Explanation: In all above figures, each figure contain two arrows (↑) and one small line, those two arrows are in opposite direction to each other except figure-2.

Series: In this type of question you will be given three or four figures which are in series, i.e. all the given figures are related to each other in certain pattern. You’ll be asked to find out the next figure in the series. To find out the next figure you have to identify the hidden logic of the series. After tracing thelogic you have to apply it to the last figure to find the asked figure. The logic in series figures can be classified into following.

Addition: In this type of series an addition of component is happening to the figures incrementally. Subtraction: In this type of series subtraction of components is happening to the figure decrementally.

Addition and Subtraction: In this type of series, alternative addition and subtraction happens to the figure.

Rotation-Clockwise: In this type of series, figures are rotating in clockwise direction.

Rotation-Anti clockwise: In this series, figures are rotating anti clockwise.

Horizontal: In this type of series, figures move in horizontal direction.

Vertical: In this type of series, figures move in vertical direction.

Alternative-Rotation: In this type of series, figures move in horizontal and vertical direction alternatively.

Combination: In this type of series all the above mentioned actions can happen.

Exercise-I

Select a figure from the given options which will continue the same series as established by the four figures in the question.

Explanations-I

1) a; Here, the sides of the polygon are increased by 1. The next figure will have 7 sides.

2) c; Here, the alternative figures are related to each other (i.e. figures-1, 3, 5 and figure-2, 4 etc). So, the next figure will have one horizontal line.

3) d; From figure-1 to figure-2, the middle line has j moved 45° in clockwise. And every time, number of lines in the new symbol are decreasing by 1 (i.e. 6, 5, 4, 3 etc). Hence, the next figure will be option-d.

4) b; One side of the pentagon is removed and it is placed at the bottom in its opposite place. The next figure will be option-b.

5) d; Here the line is moving 45° in anti clockwise.

6) b; Here the given symbols are moving to their next positions in clockwise direction.

7) d; Here the two circles are moving to their adjacent side and the shade of the circle is also changing from one figure to another.

8) a; The given figure is rotating 90° in clockwise direction by losing a symbol.

9)c; Here the symbols are moving to their next position in anti clockwise direction.

10) b; Here the diagram is moving 45° in anti clockwise.

11) b; In every figure, one dark circle is placed outside of the square in anti clock wise . So, next figure will be option -b.

12) c; From one figure to another, the direction of the arrows is changing and one new arrow is added.

13) c; The next figure will have the symbols in right bottom comer with first being a circle next the line.

14) b; Here from figure-1 to 2, all the symbols are moved 45° in clockwise and first symbol is moved to the end. From figure-2 to 3, all the symbols are moved 90° in anti clockwise and first symbol is moved to the end. Same pattern continues for the subsequent figures.

15) b; The figure is moving 90° in anti-clockwise direction and the square is moving to its opposite side.

16) b; Here the letters P, S, T are rotated 90° in clockwise where as ‘R’ in anti-clockwise. The next figure will retain its starting positions.

17) b; From figure-1 to figure-2, the elements are rotating in anti clockwise direction, by replacing the position of square shape with a new symbol. The same pattern follows in the subsequent figures. The next figure in the sequence is option-b.

18) b; From figure-1 to figure-2, every segment has moved 90° in clockwise. At the same time an element is decreased from one segment and added to the opposite segment. Following the same pattern, the next figure in the sequence is option-b.

19) b; From figure-1 to figure-2, one new line is added in clockwise direction and the circle has moved to its adjacent side in anti clockwise direction. Hence, the next figure is option-b.

20) b; From figure-1 to figure-2, the symbols are moving one step down. Last symbol is deleted and a new symbol is added at the top. Hence, the next figure will be option-b.

21) d; In the given series of figures, the dot is moved 1, 2, 3, 4 steps in anti clockwise and every time a new symbol is introduced at top, middle and bottom diagonally. Hence, option-d is correct.

22) c; The two arrows are rotated 90° in clockwise direction. And every time one cross symbol is removed.

23) b; The given figure is rotating in clockwise direction. But the two circles are at the same positions and ‘X’ is moving from one block to another block in clock wise direction. Hence, the next figure is option-b.

Exercise-II

In the following questions, there is a series of figures which follow a pattern except one. Find the odd figure or which does not fit in the series.

Explanations-II

Examples-III

In the following questions, figure-1 and figure-2 are logically related to each other. Using the same relationship to figure-3 find the figure-4 from the

Explanations-III

Campus Recruitment – Logical Reasoning – Statements and Arguments

Concepts

In this type of questions, the statement deals with all general aspects of day to day life which may include socio economic, scientific, political issues etc. A statement is followed by two arguments. One supports the statement by pointing out the positive aspects and the other deny the statement by pointing out it’s negative impact. You have to analyze given statement, arguments and decide which of the arguments strongly supports the statement by giving an appropriate opinion on the subject. Read the given arguments in the question and discard them if they are ambiguous, disproportionate, irrelevant, comparative, simplistic.
1) Ambiguous: If the given arguments does not have a clear reason or if it is not contextual or not expressing its opinion whether supporting or not. Such an argument should be discarded.
2) Disproportionate: If the given arguments are too large or too small in comparison with given statements. This kind of arguments can be discarded.
3) Irrelevant: If the given arguments are irrelevant to the context of the given statements, they can be discarded.
4) Comparative: If the argument do not state the reasons for why the proposed action is implemented and its consequences. Such arguments can be discarded.
5) Simplistic: If the given arguments do not have sufficient information to support the given statements, they cannot be considered.

Conceptual Examples

Direction: Each of the following examples consists of a statement followed by two arguments (I). and (II). Give your answer as,
a: if only argument-(I) is strong, b: if only argument-(II) is strong, c: if either argument-(I) or (II) is strong, d: if neither of the arguments is strong, e: if both the arguments are strong.

1) Statement: Should number of holidays be increased to private employees?
Arguments:
I. Yes, because employee satisfaction will be better.
II. No, it will lead to decreased productivity of private organizations.
Explanation: Though employee satisfaction is
important but this will adversely affect the productivity and revenue of the organization. So the
argument-(I) does not hold strong. Hence, only argument-(II) is strong.

2) Statement: Should taxes on air conditioners be further increased?
Arguments:
I. Yes, air conditioner is a luxury item and rich people can only buy them.
II. No, air conditioners are bought by financially backward sector also.
Explanation: Generally, taxes on any commodities or goods doesn’t depend on the financial position of the individuals so, both the arguments does not hold strong. Hence, option-d is correct choice.

3) Statement: Should Indian software professionals who are working abroad be called back?
Arguments:
I. Yes, they must serve the mother land first and forget about high pay scales or facilities etc.
II. No, we have adequate talent here, let them stay according to their will and wish.
Explanation: The demands of an individual are as important as the demands of motherland. So, argument-(I) is not strong. Argument-(II) is weak because of its complacent attitude. Hence, option-d is correct choice.

4) Statement: Should education to women be made free in India?
Arguments:
I. No, this will weaken our present social structure.
II. Yes, this is the only way to bring back glory to Indian woman hood.
Explanation: Argument-(I) is strong. It is links, providing free education to women with weakening of social structure, which is not sensible. Argument-(II) also weak because of the term ‘only’.Hence, option-d is correct choice.

5) Statement: Are joint families better than small families.
Arguments:
I) Yes, joint families provide more security and unity and also reduce the burden of work. –
II) No, small families ensure more freedom.
Explanation: In joint families, the work can be shared among themselves and also security is more. So, argument-(I) hold strong. According to the argument-
(II), in small families due to less number of people and less responsibilities leads to more freedom. Thus, argument-(II) also holds strong. So, option-e is correct.

6) Statement: Should the Indian government provide free bus pass facility to all the senior citizens?
Arguments:
I. Yes, this enables better service to them.
II. No, this will increase the economic burden on the government in the present scenario.
Explanation: The free bus pass facility to all the senior citizens is a privilege for them, but not a right. So, argument-(I) does not hold. This will increase the economic burden on the government. So, argument-(II) holds strong. Hence, option-b is correct choice.

7) Statement: Should competitive examinations for selecting candidates for jobs be of objective test only?
Arguments:
I. Yes, the assessment of objective test is reliable.
II. No, the number of questions to be answered is always very large.
Explanation.: Quality decided from the objective test is more effective than descriptive test. So, argument-(I) is strong. The number of questions to be answered is not always very large. Hence, argument-(II) is not strong. Hence, option-a is correct choice.

8) Statement: Should the tuition fee in all postgraduates courses be hiked considerably?
Arguments:
I. Yes, this will bring in some sense of seriousness among the students and will improve the quality.
II. No, this will force the meritorious poor students to stay away from post graduate courses.
Explanation: Both the given arguments are simplistic in nature. So, they both are not strong. Hence option-d is correct choice.

9) Statement: Should we scrap the system of formal education beyond graduation?
Arguments:
I. Yes. It means taking employment in the early stage.
II. No. It is not possible to gain commanding knowledge over the subject.
Explanation: Argument-(I) is ambiguous. It is not contextual to the given statement. However, eliminating the post graduate courses creates scarcity of knowledge in specialized fields. So, argument – (II) is valid.

10) Statement: Should student union in universities be abolished?
Arguments:
I. Yes. So that student union can pay full attention to their career development.
II. No. All great leaders had been student union leaders.
Explanation: Abolishing students union would relieve the students from unnecessary activities and enable them to concentrate well on studies. So, argument-(I) holds. From argument-(II), it is vague because not all the great leaders had been students union leaders. Hence, option-a is correct choice.

Exercise

Directions (1-30): Read the given statements and
conclusions carefully and give your answers as:
a: If only argument-(I) is strong;
b: If only argument-(II) is strong;
c: If either argument-(I) or (II) is strong;
d: If neither argument-(I) nor (II) is strong ;
e: If both argument-(I) and (II) are strong.

1) Statement: Should there be a complete ban on strike by the government employees in India ?
Arguments:
I. Yes, this will only teach discipline and obedience to the employees.
II. No, this will violate their democratic rights.

2) Statement: Should agriculture in rural areas be mechanized and computerized ?
Arguments:
I. Yes, it would lead to higher yield and returns.
II. No, many of the villages would be left unemployed.

3) Statement: Should election expenses to central and state legislatures be met by the government? .
Arguments:
I. Yes, it will curb the political corruption. And black money circulation may decrease.
II. No, it is not good in any country with respect to election expenses.

4) Statement: Should gay marriage be abolished.
Arguments:
I. Yes, because it is against to the culture and the tradition of our country and it is mainly followed in abroad which is not our society.
II. No, It is against to their rights and desires.

5) Statement: Should Engineering departments be classified and divided?
Arguments:
I. Yes, because each and every department has it’s own importance and students can concentrate according to their interests.
II. No, because of various departments, the engineering student can have only one type of skill according to their branch.

6) Statement: Should there be no place of written test in a selection process?
Arguments:
I. No, it is necessary because screening and filtering of skilled professionals is done with written test only.
II. Yes, as the students with enough knowledge may not succeed in written test due to time management.

7) Statement: Should all news channels be controlled by government in a democracy?
Arguments:
I. Yes, variety of news and inaccurate information may misguide a listener.
II. No, such a news loses credibility and quality.

8) Statement: Should politicians with criminal background be banned?
Arguments:
I. No, they may be illegally pushed and blamed apart from their service motto.
II. Yes, they should be banned, because they show negative impact on other aristocrats, bureaucrats and corrupt them with their evil ideology.

9) Statement: Are educational institutions responsible for unrest among the youth?
Arguments:
I. Yes, there is no proper discipline to follow in educational institutions.
II. No, there are no disciplinary problems in educational institutions.

10) Statement: Can pollution be controlled?
Arguments:
I. Yes, if everyone realizes the pollution hazard and awareness created will helps to operate and get rid of it, which in other way be controlled.
II. No, due to day to day increase in population, people in need for constructing houses and usage of polluting agents will never be controlled.

11) Statement: Should India need to manufacture nuclear Bombs?
Arguments:
I. Yes, it is imperative to protect the sovereignty and integrity of the country until we live in our motherland
II. No, this will show imbalances in power to the nations in this region.

12) Statement: Should computers be used in all possible sectors in India ?
Arguments:
I. Yes, it will bring accuracy, efficiency and saves time in completing a work.
II. No, it will create injustice to unemployed human resources who are underutilized today.

13) Statement: Does ragging in colleges a good practice?
Arguments:
I. Yes, a sensible and healthy ragging makes the relationship stronger between seniors and juniors.
II. No, tortures inflicted in the name of ragging and harassment is beyond the limits.

14) Statement: Should the health care service be nationalized?
Arguments:
I. Yes, other sectors also done this and quality control is maintained.
II. No, the quality of health care service will deteriorate.

15) Statement: Shall all the remote parts of a country be connected by roads ?
Arguments:
I. No, it will disturb peaceful, simple and pleasant life of villagers.
II. Yes, it should be done immediately for various aspects

16) Statement: Should military service be made compulsory in our country?
Arguments:
I. No, it is against the policy of non violence.
II. Yes, every citizen should protect his country because it is one’s own responsibility as a citizen of India.

17) Statement: Should big new industries be started in Hyderabad?
Arguments:
I. Yes, it will create job opportunities.
II. No, it further increases the pollution in the city.

18) Statement: Should the illiterate be debarred from voting?
Arguments:
I. Yes, because they are easily misguided.
II. No, it is their constitutional right.

19) Statement: Should public holidays be declared on the names of or on the demise of eminent national leaders.
Arguments:
I. No, too many holidays will show negative impact on the national progress.
II. Yes, people would like to pay their homage to the departed soul.

20) Statement: Should religion be taught in our schools?
Arguments:
I. No, India is secular country.
II. Yes, teaching religion helps in improving ethical, moral values among the children.

21) Statement: Should judicial activism be discouraged.
Arguments:
I. No,if we leave everything in the hands of an executive, then justice may be a distant dream.
II. Yes, judiciary should mind it’s own business. Executives will takes their own course.

22) Statement: Should the age of retirement in government service be increased in view of longer life span in India?
Arguments:
I. Yes, other countries have already taken such decision.
II. Yes, it is a genuine demand of many employees.

23) Statement: Should fashionable dresses be banned?
Arguments:
I. Yes, fashions keep on changes as a result consumption of cloth increases.
II. No, fashionable clothes are a person’s self expression and therefore it is their fundamental right

24) Statement: Should India make efforts to harness solar energy to fulfill its energy requirements?
Arguments:
I. Yes, most of the energy sources used at present are exhaustible.
II. No, harnessing solar energy requires a lot of capital which India lacks in.

25) Statement: Should India create a huge petrol and diesel reserve like western countries to face difficult situations in future?
Arguments:
I. No, there is no need to block huge amount of foreign exchange and keep the money idle.
II. Yes, this will help India withstand stocks of sudden increase in petrol/ diesel prices due to unforeseen circumstances.

Explanations

1) b; Clearly, strike is not a matter of indiscipline or disobedience but is only a practice to safeguard the fundamental right. So, argument-(I) is vague. Complete ban on strikes by the employees violates their democratic right. So, argument-(II) holds.
Hence, option-b is correct choice.

2) a; Generally, mechanization increases the production in positive manner. Argument-(I) is strong enough to hold when compared with argument-(II). Mechanization doesn’t create employment, but can only eliminate unnecessary and wasteful employment.

3) a; Clearly, the policy will end the political corruption which helps to unleash the money that is earned in an illegal manner. Argument-(II) is vague.So, only argument-(I) holds.

4) a; Argument-(I) holds strong, because the gay population may increase and also the western culture impact has some bad impacts when compared with our traditions and culture. But argument-(II) is not suitable for our society and human environment.So, Argument-(I) holds strong.

5) a; Every student needs to flourish in their own field, So, departments should be there. So, argument-(I) holds strong compared to argument-(II).

6) a; Argument-(I) holds strong. Because in a profession time management is also very important besides knowledge. So, argument-(I) holds strong.

7) b; News channels under the control of government will decrease the transparency in thoughts of people and which may show bad impact on the national integrity. So, argument-(II) holds strong.

8) b; Politicians with criminal background should be banned because they are the representatives of people. Hence, argument-(II) only holds.

9) d; The arguments do not strongly support their opinion or deny it. So, both does not hold strong.

10) c; Controlling the population is impossible on one hand. But it can be controlled by creating awareness among the people. So either argument-(I) or (II) is strong.

11) a; Yes, it is important to manufacture nuclear bombs to protect the country from threats. So, argument-(I) is strong comparing to argument-(II).

12) a; Today computers are needed for better use of underutilized human resources and with computers we can accomplish this with better speed and efficiency. So, argument-(I) holds strong.

13) e;Both the arguments are strong. Relationship should be prevailed among all the batches and also it should not cross the limits.

14) d; It cannot followed just as others have done it. So, argument-(I) is not strong. Also, Nationalization will promote service but do not deteriorate it.
So, none of the arguments hold strong.

15) b; Connecting roads helps for development of the villages and people. So, argument-(II) holds strong.

16) b; Argument-II is strong compared to argument-(I).

17) e; Both the arguments art strong. Because industries may increase the pollution, bn- it also increases the employment opportunities for unemployed youth.

18) b; Even though illiterate people are not completely aware of the voting guidelines, it is their constitutional right to vote. So, they cannot be avoided.Hence, option-b is correct choice.

19) a; Argument-(I) is stronger than argument-(II).

20) b; India is a secular country and that does not mean religion and religious values should be banned. In fact, they promote good thoughts.So,argument-(II) is strong.

21) d; Clearly, none of them should be made more powerful than the other. Instead a balance should be created between executives and judiciary, so that each can exercise its influence over the other and prevent malfunctioning. So, both the arguments are not strong

22) b; Just because other countries have implemented, it may not be suitable for our country. Because every country has its own environment and people’s life style. So, argument-(I) is vague.
Increasing the age of retirement is indeed a genuine demand of most of the employees for self dependency. So, argument-(II) holds.

23) b; Imposing ban on fashionable dresses will be a restriction to freedom and personal choice of an individual. So, only argument-II is strong.

24) a; Harnessing solar energy will be helpful as it is an inexhaustible resource unlike other resources. So, argument-(I) holds. But argument-(II) is vague as solar energy is the cheapest form of energy.

25) b; Petrol/ diesel, being an essential commodity, our country must keep it in reserve. So, argument-(I) is vague. While argument-(II) is strong as it provides substantial reason for the same.

Campus Recruitment – Logical Reasoning – Arithmetic Reasoning

Concepts

Arithmetic Reasoning involves logical calculation, Venn-diagram and data-based problems. In this type of problems, some information is given, which makes us get confused. You need to analyze that information carefully and answer the question accordingly.

Conceptual Examples

1) Kiran, an eight years old boy has 27 toys. He gave 19 toys to his brother Gourav, while Gourav playing all but 6 got destroyed. While Kiran playing all but 3 got destroyed. Finally how many toys left with both of them?
a) 10 b) 18 c) 9 d) 8 e) none of these
Explanation: While Gourav playing ‘All but 6 got destroyed’ means ‘All except 6 got destroyed’. i.e., 13 toys got destroyed. It means now Gourav has 6 toys. While Kiran is playing ‘All but 3 got destroyed’ means ‘except 3 all are not working i.e; 3 toys are good working so total toys at both of them is 6 + 3 = 9.

2) Rohith,who works in a parcel service, has a certain number of small plastic boxes to pack into parcels. If he packs 3,4,5 or 6 in a parcel, he is left with one over; if he packs 7 in a parcel, none is left over. What is the number of boxes, he may have to pack?
a) 300 b) 500 c) 301 d) 200 e) 201
Explanation: The required number of boxes is such that it leaves a remainder of 1 when divided by 3, 4, 5 or 6 and no remainder of 1 when divided by 3, 4, 5 or 6 and no remainder when divided by 7. Such a number is 301.

3) If man pays  RS 20 for each km which he travels by taxi and RS 10 for each km which he travels by bus. If in one week he payed RS 800 for traveling 60 km. How many kilometers did he travel by taxi ?
a) 10 b) 15 c) 25 d) 20 e) 50
Explanation: Let the distance covered by the taxi be ‘x’ km. Then, distance covered by bus = (60 -x) km.
20x +10 (60 – x)=>20x + 600 – lOx = 800
lOx = 200 => x = 20 km.
He traveled 20 km by taxi.

4) In a group of dogs and peacocks, the number of legs are 18 less than four times the number of heads How many peacocks are there in that group?
a) 9 b) 16 c) 8 d) 12 e) 13
Explanation: Let the number of dogs be ‘x’ and the number of peacocks by ‘y’. ,
Then, number of legs in the group = 4x + 2y.
Number of heads in the group = x+y
So, 4x+2y – 4 {x+y) -18 => 2y = 18 => y = 9
Number of peacocks in that group = 9.

5) In a group of 15 people, 8 read English, 7 read French while 3 of them read none of these two. How many of them read French and English both?
a) 6 b) 3 c) 5 d) 4 e) 2
Explanation: In the following Verm diagram, F and E represent people who read French and English respectively.

Now, [F+({F ∩ E}) + E] = 15-3 (or) F+E+(F ∩ E) = 12…. (1)
Also, F+(F ∩ E) = 7; E+(F ∩ E) = 8.
By adding, F+E+2(F ∩ E) = 15 …. (2)
By subtracting (1) from (2), we get (F ∩ E) = 3.
3 of them read both French and English.

Exercise 

1) The number of girls in a class is 5 times the number of boys. Which one of the following numbers cannot represent the total number of children in the class.
a) 36 b) 41 c) 42 d) 48 e) 72

2) In a class, there are 21 boys who are over 160 cm tall. If these constitute three-fourth of the boys and the total number of boys is one-fourth of the total number of students in the class. What is the total number of girls in the class?
a) 84 b) 68 c) 74
d) 64 e) cannot be determined

3) In a BCCI meeting there are ten people. All shake hands with each other once. How many handshakes will be there altogether?
a) 10 b) 100 c) 45 d) 95 e) 15

4) A certain number of donkeys and an equal number of men are going to a village. Half of the men are on their donkey’s back while the remaining are walking along leading their donkeys. If the number of legs walking on the ground is 70. How many donkeys are there?
a) 16 b) 18 c) 17 d) 14 e) 28

5) A group of 1800 persons consists of captains and players is traveling in a train. For every 17 players there is one captain. The number of captains in the group is?
a) 105 b) 106 c) 100 d) 104 e) 107

6) When Rahul was bom, his father was 32 years older than his brother and his mother was 25 years older than his sister. If Rahul’s brother is 6 years older than him and his mother is 3 years younger than his father, how old was Rahul’s sister when he was bom?
a) 20 years b) 35 years c) 25 years d) 45 years e) 10 years

7) Five friends Akhil, Nikil, Charan, Sudha, Shyamala, playing a game of chocolates. Akhil says to Nikil, “If you give me 3 chocolates, you will have as many as I have at this moment” while if Sudha takes 5 chocolates from you, she will have as many as Shyamala has. Akhil and Charan together has twice as many chocolates as Shyamala has. Also Nikil and Sudha together have the same number of chocolates as Akhil and Charan taken together. If together they have 150 chocolates, how many chocolates does Charan has?
a) 28 b) 30 c) 32 d) 34 e) 36

8) Spriha has few sweets to be distributed. If she keep 2, 3 or 4 in a pack, she is left with one sweet. If she keep 5 in a pack, she is left with none. What is the minimum number of sweets she has to pack and distribute?
a) 21 b) 25 c) 37 d) 54 e) 65

9) A bus starts from city x. Total number of men in the bus is half of the number of women. In city y, 10 women leave the bus and five men enter. Now, number of women and men are equal. In the beginning, how many passengers entered the bus?
a) 45 b) 35 c) 36 d) 34 e) 46

10) Jhansi cut a cake in to two halves and cuts one half into smaller pieces of equal size. Each of the small pieces is 25 gram is weight. If she has eight pieces of the cake in all with her, what is the weight of the original cake?
a) 405 grams b) 305 grams c) 400 grams d) 450 grams e) 350 grams

11) A tailor had a number of shirt pieces to cut from a roll of fabric. He cut each roll of equal length into 12 pieces. He cut at the rate of 44 cuts a minute. How many rolls would be cut in 26 minutes?
a) 100 rolls b) 102 rolls c) 103 rolls
d) 104 rolls e) none

12) P is 3 years older to Q and 3 years younger to R. while Q and S are twins, how many years older is R over S?
a) 3 years b) 5 years c) 6 years d) 8 years e) 4 years

13) A monkey climbs 40 feet at the beginning of each hour and rests for a while. It slips back 30 feet before it again starts climbing. If it begins climbing at 9:00 am, at what time will it first touch a flag at 130 feet high from the ground?
a) 5 pm b) 6 pm c) 7 pm d) 8 pm e) None

14) Between two books in your study room are displayed your six favorite puzzle books. If you decide to arrange the six books in every possible combination and moved just one book every minute, how long would it take you?
a) 6hours b)2 hours c)10 hours d)12hours e)None

15) A man wears socks of two colors named black and white. He has altogether 30 black socks and 30 white socks in a drawer. Suppose he has to take out the socks in the dark, how many must he take out to be sure that he has a matching pair?
a) 20 b) 3 c) 4 d) 39 e) 30

16) A farmer built a fence around his square plot. He used 28 fence poles on each side of the square. How many poles did he need altogether?
a) 104 b) 112 c) 108 d) 100 e) 114

17) A businessman earns an income of Rs 2 on the first day of his business. On every subsequent day, he earns an income which is just double of that made on the previous day. On the 10th day of business, his income is how much?
a) 1000 b) 1004 c) 1024 d) 1204 e) 1402

18) The 24 members of a club decided to play a badminton singles tournament. A member will be out of tournament if he loses a game. There are no ties. What is the minimum number of matches that must be played to determine the winner?
a) 11 b) 23 c) 16 d) 12 e) 20

19) A man has Rs 1400 in the “denominations of five, ten and twenty rupee notes. The number of each denomination is equal. What is the total number of notes that he has?
a) 120 b) 130 c) 140 d) 150 e) 160

20) In a hall in addition to 60 hens, there are 50 sheep and 10 horses with some keepers. If the total number of feet be 260 more than the number of heads in the hall, the number of keepers is?
a) 10 b) 8 c) 120 d) 20 e) Cannot be determined

21) Two Train tickets from city A to B and three tickets from city A to C cost Rs 65 but three tickets from city A to B and two tickets from city A to C costs Rs 70. What are the fares for cities B and C from A?
a) Rs 1o, Rs 12 b) Rs 16, Rs 11 c) Rs 13, Rs 14
d) Rs 15, Rs 12 e) Cannot be determined

22) An institute organized a fete and 1/6 of the girls and 1/7 of the boys participated in the same. What fraction of the total number of students took part in the fete?
a) 2/13 b) 13/42 c) Data inadequate
d) 4/32 e) None of these

23) A mango costs Rs 7 each. An orange costs Rs 5 each. Vinod spends Rs 38 on these two fruits. The number of Mangoes purchased is?
a) 2 b) 3 c) 4
d) Data Inadequate e) None of these

24) What is the product of all the numbers in the dial of a telephone?
a) 168840 b) 178480 c)169480
d) None of these e) Cannot be determined

25) What is the smallest number of cows that could walk in this formation – two cows in front of a cow, 2 cows behind a cow and a cow between two cows?
a) 3 b) 4 c) 8 d) Cannot be determined e) 100

26) Abhiram got twice as many sums wrong as he got right. If he attempted 54 sums in all, how many did he solve correctly?
a) 16 b) 14 c) 18 d) 24 e) 2027

27) If every 2 out of 3 ready made shirts need alterations in the sleeves, 3 out of 4 needs alterations in collars and every 4 out of 5 need it in the body, how many alterations will be required for 60 shirts?
a) 133 b) 60 c) 120 d) 14 e) 170

28) A number consists of two digits whose sum is 11. If 27 is added to the number, then the digits change their place. What is the number?
a) 37 b) 30 c) 47 d) 50 e) 67

29) A printer numbers the pages of a book starting with 1 and uses 3189 digits in all. How many pages the book have?
a) 2000 b) 300 c) 1074 d) 1075 e) 2001

30) First bunch has 1/4 more bananas as a second 4 bunch. If the second bunch has 3 bananas less than the first bunch, then the number of bananas in the first bunch is.
a) 14 b) 15 c) 16 d) 17 e) 18

31) A man asked a hunter that how many birds he has in the bag. He replied that there were all pigeons but eight, all Nightingales but eight, and all ducks but eight. How many birds had he in all?
a) 9 b) 10 c) 12 d) 14 e) 16

32) A father is now three times as old as his son. Five years back, he was four times as old as his son. The age of the son is?
a) 15 b) 20 c) 25 d)30 e)35

Directions (33-35): The diagram given below shows the number of students who got distinction in three subjects out of 500 students. Study the diagram carefully and answer the questions that follow.

33) What is the percentage of students who got distinction in two subject?
a) 12% b) 14% c) 10% d) 16% e) 15.4%

34) What is the percentage of students who got distinction?
a) 44% b) 64% c) 53.48% d) 63.48% e) 74%

35) The percentage of students with distinction marks in Mathematics is?
a) 22.63% b) 21.63% c) 32.63% d)21.6% e) 24.6%

Explanations

Campus Recruitment – Logical Reasoning – Symbol Based Operations

Concepts

In this type of question an equation is given in which operators are coded into symbols. You will be given the relationship between the symbol and operator. Using that relationship you need to convert the symbol based equation into mathematical equation. Thereafter solve the equation with the help of  VBODMAS rule.

Approach:
1) Study the relations of the symbols and mathematical operations.
2) Convert the symbols into mathematical operations.
3) Use VBODMAS rule, if necessary, for simplification.
4) Calculate the given expression.
5) Find the final value after calculation, which is the required answer.

Conceptual Examples

If + means -, – means x, x means÷, ÷ means + then solve the following questions.
1) 4÷8+ 2 x 3-6 = ?
Explanation: After interchanging the operators, we get
=>4 + 8- 2 ÷ 3 x 6
(Applying VBODMAS Rule)
=> 4+8—2/3 x 6 =>4 + 8-4=>8.

2) 16 x 8 – 6 + 15÷27 x 9
Explanation: After interchanging the operators, we get
=>16÷ 8 x 6-15 +27 ÷9
Applying VBODMAS Rule
=> 2 x 6 -15 + 3 => 15-15 = 0

Exercise

1) If + means -, – means x, x means ÷, ÷ means +.
Then (256 x 16 ÷ 49 x 7 +125 x 5 – 2 ÷289 x 17) = ?
a) 10 b) -15 c) -10 d) -17 e) 15

2) If + means -, – means +, ÷ means x, x means ÷. Then what is the value of (25 – 5 +5)÷ (3 ÷ 7 + 21)?
a) 1 b) 0 c) 2 d) 4 e) none of these

3) If + means -, – means x, x means ÷ and ÷ means +. Then (278 + 8 x 2 – 7 ÷ 316 + 7 x 28 – 364) = ?
a) 275 b) 475 c) 375 d) 575 e) none of these

4) Interchange the signs + and -, numbers 1 and 2. Based on this information, which of the following is correct?
a)12 + 21-12 = 21 b) 21 + 21 +12 = 21
c) 12 + 12-21 = 12 d) 21 -21 -21 = 33
e) 21 -12 – 12 = 50

5) If + means x, ÷ means – , x means ÷ and – means + then what will be the value of the following expression. 22 x 2 – 6 ÷ 7 + 36 x 18
a) 5 b) 15 c) 25 d)3 e)23

6) If A means +, B means -, C means x, D means ÷. Then which of the following statements is correct?
a) 10A8B7C4D2 = 6 b) 12C6A3C9D3 = 71 c)14D2C9B5C5 = 38 d) 16B5A15D3C4 = 21 e) none of these

7) Interchange the signs + and x; numbers 5 and 7. Based on this, find the value of, 5 x 15 + 7 – 20 x 6 = ?
a) 68 b) 78 c) 88 d) 98 e) 58

8) Interchange the signs – and ÷ , numbers 4 and 6. Based on this, simplify the expression,16 ÷ 8-6+12 ÷ 6.
a) 10 b) 20 c) 25 d)30 e) 15

9) If 6 Δ 5 = 341 and 7 Δ 3 = 370 then 10 Δ 8 = ?
a) 189 b) 962 c) 1024 d) 1512 e) 764

10) If 6 @ 4 = 20, and 9 @ 6 = 45 then 16 @ 11 =?
a) 125 b) 112 c) 135 d) 161 e)none

11) If x $ y = (x + y) (x – y) and a Δ b = a + b then find the value of (6 $ 3) x (9 Δ 3)?
a) 423 b) 234 c) 324 d) 824 e) none

12) If A⊕ B=(A-B)² and A%B=(A+B)².Then find the value of (16⊕12)x(l8%12) + 10=?
a) 1331 b) 1404 c) 1234 d) 1440 e) none

13) If – means x, x means +, + means ÷ and ÷ means -, then (52 +13) x (192 ÷ 86 x 46 – 21) = ?
a) 976 b) 1706 c) 1176 d) 1617 e) 1076
Directions (14 to 18): In a certain code language,+ means ÷, ÷ means x, x means -, – means +. Using this information, simplify the following expressions.

14) 10 x 5-125 + 5 ÷ 2-256 = = ?
a) 311 b) 113 c) 211 d) 131 e) 321

15) 106 -1331 +121 -56 ÷ 42 : = ?
a) 2649 b) 2946 c) 2496 d)2469 e) 2964

16) (44 – -22 ÷ 4 x 12- -36 + 4) + 3
a) 42 b) 43 c) 44 d) 46 e) none

17) (10 x 3 -2 ) x (12 — 3 + 3 x 2) = ?
a) 2 b) -2 C)1 d)-l e) 0

18) 12 ÷ 4 – 16 x 32 – 64 +16 = = ?
a) 32 b) 34 c) 63 d) 38 e) 36

Directions(19-23): Study the following sequence
carefully and answer the questions given below.
2K#7A9$3@LK62!9<8M 2

19) Find the next term in the following series. .
2 K #, 7 A $, 3 L!, ?
a) 9 < M b) 9M∧ C) 6M∧ d) 6∧M e) 9 < 2

20) Four of the following five are alike in certain way. Find the odd. one.
a) 7#K b) 9@3 c) 6#A d) 8L e) 2!M

21) How many digits are there which are immediately followed by a letter but not preceded by symbol?
a) 1 b) 2 c) 0 d) 3 e) 4

22) What is the 10th element to the left of 8th element from right end?
a) # b) M c) 7 d) K e) 2

23) What is the 6* element to the right of 16* element from right end?
a) 6 b) 2 c)! d) K e) L

Directions(24-28): Study the following sequence carefully and answer the questions that follow. 8%ML29@61#KN$73?2!P5

24) What is the 9th element to the right of 11th element from the left end?
a) 5 b) 8 c)% d) P e)M

25) Four of the following five are alike in a certain way. Find the odd one.
a) 8 M 2 b) 6# N c) 7 ? ! d)9@6 e)3 2 P

26) How many symbols are there which are preceded by a number and followed by a letter?
a) 2 b) 3 c) 1 d) 0 e) more than 3

27) Find out the next group in the series given below.
8%2, 9@6, 1#7, .
a) 9 1 # b) 2 ! P c) 3 ? 2 d)! P 5 e) 2 ? 3

28) How many consonants are there, which are immediately preceded by number but not immediately followed by a symbol?
a) 1 b) 5 c) 0 d) 2 e) 3

Directions(29-33): In an instruction system, the different computation processes are written as follows.
a) X%Y!Z means ‘X is added to the product of Y and Z’.
b) XΔY□Z means ‘product of Y&Z is subtracted from X.
c) X ↑ Y ↓ Z means ‘product of X and Y is divided by Z’.
d) X $Y #Z means ‘Z is multiplied by the sum of X & Y’. Based on the above information, simplify the following expressions.

29) 50 ↑ 40 ↓ 200 = K; 16% 12! K =?
a) 136 b) 256 c) 326 d) 112 e) 126

30) 16 $ 8 # 24 =?
a) 476 b) 675 c) 529 d) 576 e) 676

31) 48 Δ 15 □ 3 = ?
a) 2 b) 6 c)3 d) 5 e) 4

32) 62 % 24 ! 12 = ?
a) 225 b) 312 c) 350 d) 250 e) 262

33) 34 ↑ 33 ↓ 11=?
a) 201 b) 103 c) 122 d) 104 e) 102

34) c means +, d means -, e means ÷, f means x, then which of the following is true.
a) 13 d 14 c 15 f 20 e 8 = 14 b) 18 e 12 c 14 d 5 e 6 = 29
c) 24 f 6 c 2 d 13 c 4 = 36 d) 8 e 4 f 3 f 6 d 4 = 27
e) 14f3c5d6e2 = 44

35) L – M means L is equal to M.
L_M means L is smaller than M.
L & M means L is greater than M.
L # M means L is greater than or equal to M.
L Λ M means L is smaller than or equal to M.
Statements: B # A, B_C, C & D
Conclusions: (I) A_C (II) C&D (III) DC
a) only (I) is true
b) only (II) is true
c) only (III) is true
d) only (II) and (ID) true
e) (I), (II) and (III) are true

36) L – M means L is equal to M.
L_M means L is smaller than M.
L & M means L is greater than M.
L # M means L is greater than or equal to M.
L Λ M means L is smaller than or equal to M.
Statements: P∧Q,Q-R, R&S
Conclusions: (I) Q & S (II) P Λ R (HI) P_S
a) only (I) is true
b) only (II) is true
c) only (III) is true
d) only (I) and (II) true
e) only (II) and (III) true

37) L – M means L is equal to M.
L_M means L is smaller than M.
L & M means L is greater than M.
L # M means L is greater than or equal to M.
L Λ M means L is smaller than or equal to M.
Statements: E_F, F&G, G-H
Conclusions: (I) E _G (II) E # H (III) F & H
a) only (I) is true
b) only (II) true
c) only (III) true
d) only (I) and (II) true
e) none of these

Explanations

1) c; After interchanging the operators, we get,
= 256 ÷ 16 + 49 ÷ 7-125 ÷ 5 x 2 + 289÷17
= 16 + 7 – 25 x 2 + 17 => 23 + 17 – 50 => 40 – 50 = -10

2) b; After interchanging the operators, we get
(25 + 5 – 5) x (3 x 7 – 21) => (30 – 5) x (21 – 21) =» 25 x 0 = 0

3) b; After interchanging the operators, we get 278 – 8 ÷ 2 x 7 + 316 – 7 ÷ 28 x 364
278- 4 + 7+ 316-1/4 x 364 =>278 – 28 + 316 – 91
=>250 + 316-91 = 475

4) c; Here, + means – and 1 means 2 vice versa.
Option-a: 21-12 + 21≠21
Option-b: 12 -12 – 21≠ 21
Option-c: 21-21 + 12 = 12
Option-d: 12 + 12 + 12≠ 33
Option-e: 12 + 21 + 21 ≠ 50

5) d; 22 x 2 – 6 ÷ 7 + 36 x 18 = 22 ÷ 2 + 6 – 7 x 36 ÷ 18
11 + 6-7 x 2 = 11 + 6-14 = 17-14 = 3.

6) c; Interchange the symbols and apply VBODMAS. From option-c, 14 D 2 C 9 B 5 C 5 => 14 ÷2 x 9 -5 x 5 = 38 =>7 x 9-5 x 5 = 38=>63-25 = 38 (true)
Hence, option-c is correct choice.

7) b; Here, + means x, 5 means 7 and vice versa.
Then the expression will become 7 + 17 x 5-20 + 6.
=> 7 + 85 – 20 + 6 => 98 – 20 = 78.

8) b; Here, – means ÷, 4 means 6 and vice versa.
Then the expression will be,
14-8 ÷ 4 +12-4=> 14-2 +12-4 = 20

9) d; 6 Δ 5 => 6³ + 5³ = 341;
7 Δ 3 => 7³+ 3³ = 370
10 Δ 8 => 10³ + 8³ = 1512.

10) c; 6 @ 4 => 6³ – 4³ = 36 -16 = 20
9 @ 6 => 9³ – 6³ = 81 – 36 = 45
16 @ 11 => 16³ – 11³ = 256 -121 = 135.

11) c; 6 $ 3 => (6+3)(6-3) => 9×3 = 27
9 Δ 3 =>(9+3) = 12
(6 $3)x(9 Δ 3) = 27×12 = 324

12) d; 16 ⊕12 => (16-12)² = 4² = 16
8 % 12 => (18+12)² = 30² = 900
16 x 900 ÷10 => 16×90 = 1440

13) e; Interchange the symbols. Apply VBODMAS rule. i.e. (52÷13)+(192-86+46×21) => 4 +(192 – 86 + 966) => 1076

14) a; 10-5 + 125 ÷5 x 2 + 256 = 10 – 5 + 25 x 2 + 256 = 311

15) d; 106 +1331 ÷121 + 56 x 42 = 106 + 11 + 2352 = 2469

16) b;(44+22 x 4-12+36÷4)÷3=>(44+88-12+9 )÷3 = 129÷3=43

17) b; (10 – 3 + 2) – (12 + 3 ÷ 3 – 2) => 9 -11 = -2.

18) e; 12 x 4+16-32+64÷16 => 48 +16 – 32 + 4 = 36 .

19) b; The pattern in the series is, ‘number followed by letters and followed by next symbol in the series.Hence, the correct answer is ‘9M’.

20) b; Series pattern follows like, Number followed by symbol and followed by letters. Hence, the wrong sequence in the series is “9 @ 3”.

21) a; In this series pattern, there is one such digit which is immediately followed by a letter but not preceded by a symbol, i.e. 2 K. Hence, the answer is 1.

22) a; Let the 10th element from the left = 10L and
8th element from right = 8R (If both are either left or right, then subtract If one is left and other is right, then add).
Here, we have to combine both the values, because given, one is left and another is right. Then we get,
=> 10L + 8R => 18R
18R means 18th letter form right end i.e.#

23) d; Let the 6th element to the right = 6R and
16th element from right end = 16R’.
Here, both the letters are right, so subtract.
=> 6R+ 16R => 6R – 16R => 10R
10R means 10* letter from right end i.e. K.

24) a; 9th element to the right = 9R
11th element to the left = 11L
One is right and another one is left, so add.
=> 9R + 11L => 20L (20th element from left i.e. 5).

26) b; 8%M, 1#K, 2!P ; There are 3 such symbols which follow the pattern

27) c; The pattern in the series is, ‘symbol preceded by number and followed by number’.
.. Next number in the series is ‘3 ? 2’.

28) c; There are no such consonants which are immediately preceded by number but not immediately followed by symbol.

29) a; (50 x 40)÷200 => 2000 – 200 => K =10.
=> 16+(12 x 10) = 16 +120 =136

30) d; 24x(16 + 8) 24 x 24 = 576

31) c; 48-(15×3) => 48 -45 = 3

32) c; 62÷24 ! 12 = 62 + (24 x 12) = 62 + 288 = 350

33) e; (34 x 33)-11 = 1122÷11 = 102

34) e; From option-e, we have, 1 4 f 3 c 5 d 6 e 2 After changing to operators, we get, 14 x 3 +5 – 6 ÷ 2
Apply VBODMAS rule, 14 x 3+5-6/2=>42+5-3 =44

35) e; After changing the symbols, we get,
Statements: B≥ A, B < C, C > D.
Conclusions: A < C, C > B, D < C.
From given statements, conclusions (I), (II), III are true.

36) d; After changing the symbols, we get,
Statements: P≤Q,Q = R, R>S Conclusions: Q>S, P ≤ R, P<S
From the given statements, only conclusion (I) and (II) are true.

37) c; Statements: E<F, F>G, G = H Conclusions:E < G, E ≥ H, F > G.
From the above statements, only conclusion (III) is true.

Campus Recruitment – Logical Reasoning – Character Puzzle

Concepts

In this type of questions, a figure or a matrix is given in which some numbers are filled according to a rule. A place is left blank. You have to analyze the given character or number and find out the missing number or letter from the given possible answers which may be filled in the blank space.

Conceptual Examples

Exercise

Explanations