Computer Awareness questions Archives

Computer Awareness Study Material – Abbreviations

April 18, 2018 by Kalyan Leave a Comment

Computer Awareness Study Material – Abbreviations

Computer Awareness Study Material Banking Awareness Marketing Aptitude

AD Active Directory
ADC Analog to Digital Convertor
ARP Address Resolution Protocol
ASP Active Server Page
AH Active Hub
AI Artificial Intelligence
AL Active Link
ALGOL Algorithmic Language
ALU Arithmetic Logic Unit
AM Active Monitor
APCI Application layer Protocol Control Information
API Application Program Interface
ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange
ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode
ADF Automatic Document Folder

BINAC Binary Automatic Computer
Bcc Blind Carbon Copy
BMP Bitmap
BARC Bhabha Atomic Research Center
BASIC Beginner’s All purpose Symbolic Instruction Code
BCD Binary Coded Decimal
BCR Bar Code Reader
Bin Binary
BIOS Basic Input Output System
B2B Business to Business
Bit Binary Digit
BLOB Binary Large Object
BLOG Web Log
BPI Bytes/Bits Per Inch
BPS Bits Per Second
BSNL Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited

Cc Carbon Copy
CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semi-conductor
CAD Computer Aided Design
CLASS Computer Literacy And Studies in School
CBOL Common Business Oriented Language
COMAL Common Algorithmic Language
CPU Central Processing Unit
CRT Cathod Ray Tube
CSS Cascading Style Sheet
CU Control Unit
CUA Control User Access
CTCP Client-To-Client Protocol
CD-R Compact Disk Recordable
CD-ROM Compact Disk Read Only Memory
CD-RW Compact Disk Rewritable
CD-R/W Compact Disk-Read/Write
CG Computer Graphics
CGI Common Gateway Interface
COM Common Object Mode
CLI Command Line Interface
CLR Common Language Runtime
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access

DAC Digital to Analog Convertor
DAP Directory Access Protocol
DB Database
DBA Database Administrator
DBMS Database Management System
DCC Direct Client-to-Client
DCL Data Control Language
DFD Data Flow Diagram
DFS Distributed File System
DHTML Dynamic HyperText Markup Language
DLL Dynamic Link Library
DLP Digital Light Processing
DMA Direct Memory Access
DNS Domain Name System
DPI Dots Per Inch
DRAM Dynamic Random Access Memory
DRDO Defence Research and Development Organisation
DSL Digital Subscriber Line/Domain-Specific Language
DSN Data Source Name
DTP Desktop Publishing
DVD Digital Video Disk/Digital Versatile Disk
DVD-R Digital Video Disk Recordable
DVD-ROM DVD-Read Only Memory
DVD-RW DVD-Rewritable
DVR Digital Video Recorder
DOS Disk Operating System

EBCDIC Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code
E-Commerce Electronic Commerce
EDO Extended Data Out
EDP Electronic Data Processing
EDSAC Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator
EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
EGA Enhanced Graphics Adapter
E-Mail Electronic Mail
ENIAC Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer
EOF End Of File
EPROM Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
EXE Executable
EDI Electronic Data Interchange
EOL End Of Line

FAP Fortran Assembly Program
FAX Far Away Xerox
FDC Floppy Disk Controller
FDD Floppy Disk Drive
FIFO First In First Out
FORTRAN Formula Translation
FPU Floating Point Unit
FS File System
FTP File Transfer Protocol
FPS Frame Per Second
FLOPS Floating Point Operations Per Second
FAQ Frequently Asked Question

Gb Gigabit
GB Giga Byte
GIF Graphics Interchange Format
GIGO Garbage In Garbage Out
GPU Graphics Processing Unit
GSM Global System for Mobile communication
GUI Graphical User Interface

HCI Human Computer Interaction
HLL Fligh Level Language
HPFS High Performance File System
HDD Hard Disk Drive
HSM Hierarchical Storage Management
HTM Hierarchical Temporal Memory
HTML HyperText Markup Language
HTTP HyperText Transfer Protocol

IBM International Business Machine
IS Information System
IM Instant Message
IMAP Internet Message Access Protocol
iOS iphone Operating System
IP Internet Protocol
ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network
ISOC Internet Society
ISP Internet Service Provider
ISR Interrupt Service Routine
IT Information Technology

JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group
JRE Java Runtime Environment
JS Java Script
JSP Java Server Pages
JUG Java Users Group

Kb Kilobit
KB Kilobyte
KHz Kilohertz
Kbps Kilobit Per Second
KVM Switch Keyboard, Video and Mouse Switch

LAN Local Area Network
LCD Liquid Crystal Display
LDU Liquid Display Unit
LED Light Emitting Diode
LIFO Last In First Out
LPI Lines Per Inch
LIPS List Processing

MAN Metropolitan Area Network
Mb Megabit
MB Megabyte
MBR Master Boot Record
MAC Media Access Control
MPEG Moving Picture Experts Group
MMS Multimedia Messaging Service
MIME Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
MSN Microsoft Network
MDI Multiple Document Interface
MICR Magnetic Ink Character Recognition
MIMO Multiple-Input Multiple-Output
MIPS Million Instructions Per Second
MIDI Musical Instrument Digital Interface

NFS Network File System
NIC Network Interface Card
NIO New I/O
NOS Network Operating System

ODBC Open Database Connectivity
OCR Optical Character Reader
OMR Optical Mark Reader
OOP Object Oriented Programming
OPML Outline Processor Markup Language
OS Operating System
OSS Open Source Software
OLE Object Linking and Embedding

P2P Peer-to-Peer
PAN Personal Area Network
PAP Password Authentication Protocol
PC Personal Computer
PCL Printed Command Language
PDF Portable Document Format
PDL Program Design Language
PGA Pin Grid Array
PIO Programmed Input/Output
PLA Programmable Logic Array
PL 1 Programming Language 1
PnP Plug and Play
POS Point Of Sales
PPC Power PC
PPM Pages Per Minute
PPP Point-to-Point Protocol
PPTP Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol
PROM Programmable Read Only Memory
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
PSU Power Supply Unit
POST Power On Self Test

QDR Quad Data Rate
QFP Quad Flat Pack
QoS Quality of Service
QBE Query By Example

RAM Random Access Memory
RARP Reverse Address Resolution Protocol
RAT Remote Access Trojan
RDBMS Relational Database Management System
RIP Routing Information Protocol
ROM Read Only Memory
ROMB Read Out Motherboard
RPG Report Program Generator
RTOS Real Time Operating System
RTF Rich Text Format

SaaS Software as a Service
SAN Storage Area Network
SCSI Small Computer System Interface
SDL Simple DirectMedia Layer
SDR Software Defined Radio
SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SNOBOL String Oriented Symbolic Language
SP Service Pack
SQL Structured Query Language
SRAM Static Random Access Memory
SVD Structured VLSI Design
SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol
SIM Subscriber Identification Module

TCP Transmission Control Protocol
TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
TTA True Tap Audio
TTF True Type Font
TTS Text-To-Speech
TTY Tele Type
TFT Thin-Film Transistor
TB Tera Bytes

UAC User Account Control
UI User Interface
UL Upload
UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply
URI Uniform Resource Identifier
URL Uniform Resource Locator
URN Uniform Resource Name
USB Uniform Serial Bus
ULSI Ultra Large Scale Integration
UNIVAC Universal Automatic Computer
UTP Unshielded Twisted Pair

VAR Variable
VB Visual Basic
VDD Virtual Device Driver
VGA Video Graphics Array
VLAN Virtual Local Area Network
VM Virtual Memory
VMS Video Memory System
VPN Virtual Private Network
VT Video Terminal
VSNL Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited
VDU Visual Display Unit
VLSI Very Large Scale Integration
VRAM Video Random Access Memory

WAN Wide Area Network
WAP Wireless Application Protocol
Wi-Fi Wireless Fidelity
WiMax Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
WINS Windows Internet Naming Service
WLAN Wireless Local Area Network
WMA Wireless Media Audio
WMV Wireless Media Video
WPA Wi-Fi Protected Access
WWAN Wireless Wide Area Network
WWID World Wide Identifier
WWW World Wide Web
WLL Wireless Local Loop
WORM Write Once Read Many

XHTML extensible HyperText Markup Language
XML extensible Markup Language
XNS Xerox Network Services
XUL XML User Interface Language

Y2K Year Two Thousand

ZIFS Zero Insertion Force Socket
ZIP Zone Information Protocol
ZISC Zone Instruction Set Computer
ZMA Zone Multicast Address
ZNA Zone Network Administration
ZB Zeta Byte
ZAW Zero Administration for Windows

Computer Awareness Study Material – Glossary

April 16, 2018 by Kalyan Leave a Comment

Computer Awareness Study Material – Glossary

Computer Awareness Study Material Banking Awareness Marketing Aptitude

Access Control It is a way of limiting access to a system or to physical or virtual resources.

Access Time The time interval between the instance at which data is called from a storage device and the instance when delivery begins.

Accumulator A local storage area called a register, in which the result of an arithmetic and logic operation is formed.

Active Cell It refers to the currently selected cell in a spreadsheet. It can be identified by a bold outline that surrounds the cells.

Active Window It is the currently focused window in the current window manager.

Algorithm In computing, an algorithm is a procedure for accomplishing some tasks which given an initial state, will terminate in a defined end-state.

Alphanumeric A character set that contains letters, digits and other special characters such as @, $, +, *, %, etc.

Analog Computer A computer that operates on data which is in the form of continuous variable physical quantities.

Animation It is the process of making the illusion of motion and change by means of the rapid display of a sequence of static image that minimally differ from each other.

Antivirus It consists of computer programs that attempt to identify threat and eliminate computer viruses and other malicious software (malware).

Application Software It is a subclass of computer software that employs the capabilities of a computer directly to a task that the user wishes to perform.

Archieve It provides backup storage.

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) It is a part of the i execution unit, a core component of all CPUs. ALUs are capable of calculating the results of a wide variety of basic arithmetical and logical computations.

Artificial Intelligence Fifth generation computing devices, based on artificial intelligence, are still in development, though there are some applications, such as voice recognition, that are being used today.

ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) It is a character set and a character encoding based on the Roman alphabet as used in Modern English and other Western European languages.

Assembler A program that translates mnemonic statement into executable instruction.

Attribute The characteristics of an entity are called its attributes.

Authentication It is a process in which the credentials provides are compared to those on file in a database.

Auxiliary Memory It is also known as secondary memory that is not directly addressable by the CPU.

Backspace Key This key is used to delete the text, Backspace will delete the text to the left of cursor.

Backup A copy of a file or other item of data made in case the original is lost and damaged.

Bandwidth The maximum amount of data that can travel in a communication path in a given time, measured in bits per second (bps).

Bar Code It is a machine-readable representation of information in a visual format on a surface.

Batch File It is a text file that contains a sequence of commands for a computer operating system (DOS).

Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) A coding system in which a 4 digit binary number represents each decimal digit from 0 to 9.

Bit It is the most basic information unit used in computing and information theory.

Blog It is a discussion or informational site published on the world wide web.

Bomb A type of virus designed to activate at a specific date and time on your computer.

Bluetooth A protocol that permits a wireless exchange of information between computers, cell phones and other electronic devices.

Booting It is a bootstrapping process which starts the operating system when a computer is switched ON.

Browser A special software that enables users to read/view Web pages and jump from one Web page to another.

Buffering The process of storing data in a memory device, allowing the devices to change the data rates, perform error checking and error retransmission.

Bug A software bug is an error, flaw, failure, or fault in a computer program or system that produces an incorrect or unexpected result.

Bus A circuit that provides a communication path between two or more devices of a digital computer system.

Byte It is commonly used as a unit of storage measurement in computers, regardless of the type of data being stored.

Cell A box in a spreadsheet, in which you can enter a single piece of data.

Central Processing Unit (CPU) It performs the actual processing of data. The CPU is generally called by its generic name ‘Processor’. It is also known as the brain of computer.

Channel A communication channel can be a physical link, such as a cable that connects two stations in a network or it can consist of some electromagnetic transmission.

Chatting Typing text into a message box on a screen to engage in dialog with one or more people via the Internet or other network.

Chip A tiny wafer of silicon containing miniature electric circuits that can store millions of bits of information.

Client-Server It is a network architecture which separates the client from the server. Each instance of the client software can send requests to a server or application server.

Coding It means the transformation of data into a form understandable by computer software.

Command It is a directive to a computer program acting as an interpreter of some kind, in order to perform a specific task.

Compile It is the process of converting high level languages to machine language.

Compiler It is a computer program that translates a series of instructions from high level language to machine language.

Communication Protocol It is a system of rules that allow two or more entities of a communications system to transmit information.

Computer Network It is a system for communication among two or more computers.

Computer Graphics These are visual presentations on a computer screen. Examples are photographs, drawings, line arts, graphs or other images.

Cold Boot When a computer restarts after the power cut, is called cold boot.

Control Panel It is the part of Windows menu, accessible from the Start menu, which allows users to view and manipulate basic system settings and controls, such as adding hardware, adding/removing software, controlling user accounts, changing accessibility options, etc.

Computer Worm It is a self-replicating computer program, similar to a computer virus.

Control Unit It is the part of a CPU that directs its operation. The outputs of this unit control the activity of the rest of the device.

Corel Draw A vector graphic edit software which is known as corel draw. It is mainly used in DTP (Desktop Publishing).

Crawler It is an Internet bot that systematically browse the world wide web, typically for the purpose of Web indexing. It is also called a Web spider.

Cryptography The conversion of data into a secret code for transmission over a public network.

Cut To remove an object from a document.

Data It is a collection of facts and figures which are not in directly usable form.

Database It is a collection of logically related information in an organised way so that it can be easily accessed, managed and updated.

Data Abstraction It is a simplified view of an object that includes only features one is interested in while hides away the unnecessary details.

Data Entry Direct input of data in the appropriate data fields of a database known as data entry.

Database Management System It is-a collection of various programs. It provides a systematic way to create, retrieve, update and manage data.

Data Processing Converting data into information, is called data processing.

Data Redundancy It is a condition created within a database or data storage technology in which the same piece of data is held in two separate places.

Data Flow Diagram (DFD) It is a graphical representation of the ‘flow’ of data through information system.

Debugging A methodical process of finding and reducing the number of bugs, or defects are known as debugging.

Degree The number of fields associated with the database table or relation.

Desktop Publishing (DTP) It combines a personal computer, page layout software and a printer to create publications on small economic scale.

Device Driver A device driver, often called a driver for short, is a computer program that enables another program, typically, an operating system to interact with a hardware device.

Dial-up Line A line through which communication established known as dial-up line.

Digital Clock A type of clock that located on motherboard and display digital signals.

Direct Access It is the capability of the computer equipment to obtain data from a storage device.

Directory In computing, a directory is an entity in a file system which contains a group of files and other directories. Together, the directories form a hierarchy or a tree structure.

Domain Name A unique name that identifies a particular Website and represents the name of the server where the Web pages reside.

Dots Per Inch (DPI) It is defined as the measure of the resolution of a printer, scanner or monitor. It refers to the number of dots in a one inch line.

Download It refers to the act of transmitting data from a remote computer on the Internet or other network to one’s own computer.

Drag and Drop In computer graphical user interfaces, drag and drop is the action of clicking on a virtual object and dragging it to a different location or onto another virtual object.

Dumb Terminal A computer terminal with no processing or programming capabilities, generally used for simple data entry or retrieval tasks.

DVD It is an optical disc storage media format that can be used for data storage including movies with high quality video and sound.

Dynamic RAM DRAM is a type of random access memory which stores each bit of data in a separate capacitor.

EBCDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code) It is an 8-bit character encoding used on IBM mainframe operating systems, like Z/OS, S/390, AS/400 and i5/OS.

E-Commerce Electronic commerce is a type of industry where buying and selling of product or services is conducted over electronic systems such as- the Intranet and other computer network.

Editing The process of changing information by inserting, deleting, replacing, rearranging and reformation.

Electronic Data Processing (EDP) A data processing through equipment that is predominantly electronic such as digital computer.

Electronic mail E-mail is a method of composing, sending, storing and receiving messages over electronic communication systems.

Encryption In cryptography, encryption is the process of encoding messages (or information) in such a way that hackers cannot read it, but the authorised users can access it.

End User Any individual who uses the information generated by a computer based system.

Entity It is something that has certain attributes or properties which may be assigned values.

Error Message It is information displayed when an unexpected condition occurs usually on a computer or other device.

Escape Key A key that permits the user to leave one segment of a program and move to another.

Excel It allows users to create spreadsheets much like paper ledgers that can perform automatic calculations.

Exe (.exe) It is a common filename extension denoting an executable file (a program) in the DOS, MS- Windows.

Execution Time The total time required to execute a program on a particular system.

Expansion Slot It is a socket on the motherboard that is used to insert an expansion card which provides additional features to a computer.

Extranet A technology that permits,the users of one organisation’s Intranet to enter portions of another organisation’s Intranet in order to conduct business transactions or collaborate on joint projects.

Fax It stands for ‘Facsimile’. It is used to transmit a copy of a document electronically.

Field The attributes of an entity are written as fields in the table representation.

File A collection of information stored electronically and treated as a unit by a computer. Every file must have its own distinctive name.

File Allocation Table (FAT) It is the name of a computer file system architecture. The FAT file system is a legacy file system which is simple and robust.

File Manager It is an operating system utility that provides a user interface to work with file systems.

Firewall A security system usually consisting of hardware and software that prevents unauthorised persons from accessing certain parts of a program database or network.

Flowcharts These are the means of visually representing the flow of data through an information processing system, the operations performed within the system and the sequence in which they are performed.

Foreign Key A field in a database table, which links it to another related table.

Format To set margins, tabs, font or line spacing in layout of a document.

FORTRAN Its name stands for formula translating system. The language was designed at IBM for scientific computing.

Freeware A form of software distribution where the author retains copyright of the software but makes the program available to others at no cost.

Function Key A special key on a computer keyboard or a terminal devices keyboard that is used to perform specific functions. Many keyboards have function keys labelled from F₁ to F₁₂.

Garbage In Garbage Out (GIGO) It pertains to the fact that most computer errors are not machine errors, they are data errors caused by incorrect input data.

Gateway A device that is used to joint together two networks having different base protocols.

Gigabyte (GB) It is a unit of information or computer storage equal to approximately one billion bytes.

Gigahertz (GHz) A measurement used to identify the speed of the central processing unit. One gigahertz is equal to 1 billion cycles per second.

Graphic Display Unit (GDU) It is also known as ‘Visual Display Unit’. This displays characters or graphics representing data in a computer memory.

Graphic Interchange Format (GIF) A simple file format for pictures and photographs, that are compressed so they can be sent quickly.

Graphic Tablet It is an input device which is used to create images, etc.

Graphical User Interface (GUI) It is a method of interacting with a computer through a metaphor of direct manipulating of graphical images and widgets in addition to text.

Hacker A computer criminal who penetrates and tempers with computer programs or systems.

Hang To crash in such a way that the computer does not respond to input from the keyboard or mouse.

Hard Copy It is a printed copy of information from a computer.

Hard Disk It is a non-volatile data storage device that stores data on a magnetic surface layered onto disk platters.

Hardware The mechanical, magnetic, electronic and electrical components that comprises a computer system such as CPU, monitor, keyboard, mouse, etc.

High-Level Programming Languages It is a programming language that is more user-friendly, to some extent platform-independent and abstract from low-level computer processor operations such as memory accesses.

Home Page A starting point or a doorway to the Website. It refers to the Web page that identifies a Website and contains the hyperlink to other Web pages in the Website.

Host Computer A computer that provides information or a service to other computers on the Internet. Every host computer has its own unique host name.

Hub A network device that connects multiple computers on a LAN, so that they can communicate with one another.

Hybrid Computer Hybrid computers are made by taking the best features of the analog computer and digital computer. A simple example of this type is the computer used in hospitals.

Hyperlink An image or portion of text’on a Web page that is linked to another Web page.

HyperText Markup Language It stands for HTML. It is mainly used for design Websites.

HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) It is an important protocol used on the world wide web for moving hypertext files across the Internet.

Icon A symbol (such as picture or a folder) that represents a certain function on your computer. When the user clicks on the icon, the appropriate function is executed.

Information It is the summarisation of data according to a certain pre-defined purpose.

Input In order to give instructions to a computer, the information has to be supplied to it.

Instant Messaging (IM) A chat program that lets people communicate over the Internet in real time.

Instruction A command or order given to a computer to perform a task.

Instruction Cycle Fetching and decoding operations of the machine cycle.

Interface A device or program that helps a user to communicate with a computer.

Interpreter A program that converts and executes the source code into machine code line by line.

Internet A vast computer network linking smaller computer networks worldwide.

Internet Surfing To search something on Internet is called Internet surfing.

Internet Service Provider (ISP) It is a business organisation that offers users access to the Internet and related services.

Integrated Circuits Multiple electronic components combined on a silicon chip.

Java A programming language, used to crate mobile applications, softwares, etc.

Javascript It is an object oriented programming language used to create interactive effects in a Web browser.

JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Groups) It is a commonly used method of lossy compression for digital photography.

Joystick It is a computer peripheral or general control device consisting of a handheld stick that pivots about one end and transmits its angle in two or three dimensions to a computer.

Kernel It is the fundamental part of a program, such as an operating system, that resides in memory at all times.

Keyboard This is the standard input device attached to all computers. The layout of keyboard is just like the traditional typewriter of the type QWERTY.

Key Field A unique field in a record used to distinguish one record from another.

Key Stroke It is the process of pressing button in keyboard.

Kilobyte (KB) It is a unit of information or computer storage equal to 1024 bytes.

LAN LAN stands for Local Area Network. In a LAN, the connected computers are geographically close together. They are either in the same building or within a smaller area.

Laptop It is a small, lightweight and portable battery-powered computers that can fit onto your lap. They each have a thin, flat and liquid crystal display screen.

Light Pen A light sensitive style for forming graphics by touching coordinates on a display screen, thereby seeming to draw directly on the screen.

Link A communication path between two nodes or channels.

LINUX It is an open source operating system, meaning that the source code of the operating system is freely available to the public.

List Processing (LISP) A high level programming language suitable for handling logical operations and non-numeric applications.

Log In It is the process by which an individual gains access to a computer system by identifying and authenticating themselves.

Log Off It is a process of withdrawal from function after performing program.

Low Level Language It is a assembly language which is used in computer, it was mostly used in first generation computers.

Machine Language The language of computer also called binary language. Instructions in this language are written as a sequence of 0’s and l’s.

Mainframe Sometimes it’s called a server or CPU. Mostly a mainframe is only a mainframe when compared to a desktop computer. It is bigger and much more powerful.

Mass Storage It is referred to storage jyhere large volumes of backup/data is stored.

Megabyte (MB) 1 Megabyte is equal to 1048576 bytes, usually rounded off to one million bytes. It is also called a ‘meg’.

Memory Temporary storage for information, including applications and documents.

Menu Bar The horizontal strip across the top of an application’s window. Each word on the strip has a context sensitive drop-down menu containing features and actions that are available for the application in use.

Merge Combining two or more files into a single file.

Microcomputer A microprocessor-based computer, consisting of an CPU, internal semiconductor memory, input and output sections and a system bus, all on one, or several monolithic IC chips inserted into one or several PC boards.

Microprocessor A complete Central Processing Unit (CPU) contained on a single silicon chip.

Midi It stands for Music Instrument Digital Interface. It allows a computer to store and replay a musical instrument’s output.

Minicomputer Considered to be more capable than a microcomputer but less powerful than a mainframe.

MIPS An acronym derived from Million of Instructions Per Second. It is used to measure the speed of a processor.

Mnemonic A symbolic label or code remainder that assists the user in remembering a specific operation or command in assembly language.

Modem An acronym for Modulator/Demodulator that refers to specific equipment that provides a means of communication between two computer systems over conventional telephone lines.

Monitor The visual readout device of a computer system. A monitor can be in several forms; a Cathode Ray Tube (CRT), a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), or a flat-panel, full-color display.

MS-DOS (Microsoft Disc-Operating System) An early operating system developed by Microsoft Corporation.

Multitasking It can simultaneously work with several programs or interrelated tasks that share memories, codes, buffers and files.

Multithreading It is a facility available in an operating system that allows multiple functions from the same application packages.

Multimedia Software programs that combine text and graphics with sound, video and animation. A multimedia PC contains the hardware to support these capabilities.

Network It is an interconnection of two or more than two computer.

Network Interface Card (NIC) This is a part of the computer that allows it to talk to other computers via a network protocol like TCP/IP.

Nibble A sequence of four adjacent bits, or a half-byte. A hexadecimal or BCD coded digit can be represented by a nibble.

Node The endpoint of a network branch or the junction of two or more branches.

Non-Volatile Memory A memory where stored data remains undisturbed by the removal of electrical power.

Notebook A portable computer, that can fit into a briefcase. It is used as personal computer. It is also called laptop.

Object Something that contains both the data and the application that operate on that data.

Object Code Machine language code produced by a translator program, such as an assembler, interpreter, or compiler.

Offline It refers to the state in which a computer is temporarily or permanently unable to communicate with another computer.

Online It refers to the state of being connected to the networked computer system or the Internet.

Operand The part of a machine level instruction which tells the central processor, the location of the data to be manipulated by some operation.

Operation Code (Op-Code) Part of a computer instruction word that designates the function performed by a specific instruction.

Operating System A set of instructions that tells a computer on how to operate when it is turned ON. It sets up a filing system to store files and tells the computer how to display information on a video display.

Output Data that come out of a computer device.

Patch A small program that improves an existing piece of software or corrects an error in it.

Peripheral An auxiliary device used to put information into and get information out of the computer.

Personal Computer (PC) A single-user computer containing a Central Processing Uri’it (CPU) and one or more memory circuits.

Piracy The illegal copying of software or other creative works.

Pixels An acronym derived from picture element. The smallest element (a dot) on a display screen.

Plug-In This is a program that your browser uses to manipulate a downloaded file.

Portrait A term that designates the position of conventional printing across the width of a page.

Post Office Protocol (POP) A protocol that specifies how a personal computer can connect to a mail server on the Internet and download E-mail.

Primary Key It is a key that uniquely identifies each tuple or row in a table.

Process A collection of code, data and other system resources including at least one thread of execution that performs a data processing task.

Program A set of instructions to perform a specific task.

Programming Language A vocabulary and set of , grammatical rules for instructing a computer to perform specific tasks.

Prompt An onscreen symbol, (e.g. cursor) that indicates where to type of command.

Printer A mechanical device for printing a computer’s output on paper.

Protocol A set of rules that defines exactly how information is to be exchanged between two systems over Internet.

Pseudocode It is a short hand way of describing a computer program.

Query A request for information from a database.

Random Access Memory (RAM) A volatile, semiconductor storage structure that accesses temporary data with a random or direct accessing method. Data in this memory can be read by the CPU directly.

Read Only Memory (ROM) A semiconductor memory whose data cannot be erased, or overwritten; it can only be accessed (read) for use by the CPU.

Record A collection of all the information pertaining to a particular entity instance.

Register A temporary storage unit for quick, direct accessibility of a small amount of data for processing.

Remote Server A network computer that allows a user on the network from a distant location to access information.

Response Time The total time elapsed between submission of command and data to a computer and getting the result of computation.

Router A network device that enables the network to reroute messages it receives that are intended for other networks. The network with the router receives the message and sends it on its way exactly as received.

Routing The process of choosing the best path throughout the LAN.

Scanner An electronic device that uses light-sensing equipment to scan paper images such as text, photos, illustrations and translate the images into signals that the computer can then store, modify, or distribute.

Search Engine Software that makes it possible to look for and retrieve information on the Internet, particularly the Web. Some popular search engines are AltaVista, Google, HotBot, Yahoo!, Web Crawler and Lycos.

Sector A section of a recording track on a magnetic disk.

Sequential Access It is a class of data storage device that read stored data in a sequence.

Server A computer that shares its resources and information with other computers on a network.

Shareware A software that is not free but is available for a free trial period.

Shell It is an outer layer of a program that provides that user interface or the way of instruct the computer.

Simplex Transmission of data in one direction only.

Software The let of computer programs, procedure and associated documentation related to the effective operation.

Source Code (Source Program) A set of computer instructions in hard-copy or stored form.

Spreadsheet Software that allows one to calculate numbers in a format that is similar to pages in a conventional ledger.

Sub Program A particular part of a program that complete the special work.

Super Computer The largest mainframe computer featuring exceptionally high speed operation while manipulating huge amounts of information.

TCP/IP Stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. This is a large grouping of programs and standards that govern how information moves round the Internet.

Terabyte (TB) It is about a trillion bytes. Actually it’s 2⁴⁰ or 10095111627776 bytes.

Terminal This is what you look at when you’re on the Internet. It’s your computer screen.

Time Sharing It refers to the allocation of computer resources in a time dependent fashion to run several programs simultaneously.

Topology The structure of the network including physical connection such as wiring schemes and logical interactions between network devices.

Track A ring on the surface of a magnetic disk.

Trackball Input device that controls the position of the cursor on the screen.

Uniform Resource Locator (URL) The specific Internet address for a resource such as an individual or an organisation.

Unix This is an operating system developed by AT & T. It is a big push that it allows one server to serve many different end users at one time.

Upgrade The process of improve hardware and software functionality.

Upload The processes of transferring information from a computer to a Website (or other remote location on a network).

UPS (Universal Power Supply or Uninterruptible Power Supply) An electrical power supply that includes a battery to provide enough power to a computer during an outage to back-up data and properly shut down.

User A person who uses or operate something.

User-Friendly A software program that has been designed to easily direct the user through the operation or application of a program.

Validation The process of making sure that the forms and documents from a particular transaction are correct.

Video Teleconferencing A remote ‘face-to-face chat,’ when two or more people using a webcam and an Internet telephone connection chat online. The webcam enables both live voice and video.

Virus A piece of computer code designed as a prank or malicious act to spread from one computer to another by attaching itself to other programs.

Volatile Memory A memory whose contents are irretrievably lost when power is removed. If data in RAM must be saved after power shutdown, back-up in non-volatile memory (magnetic disk, tape, or CD-R) is essential.

Window A portion of a computer display used in a graphical interface that enables users to select commands by pointing to illustrations or symbols with a mouse.

Wide Area Network It is a telecommunications network or computer network that extends over a large geographical distance.

Word Processor A computer system or program for setting, editing, revising, correcting, storing and printing text.

World Wide Web (‘WWW’ or ‘The Web’) A network of servers on the Internet that use hypertext-linked databases and files. It was developed in 1989 by Tim Berners-Lee, a British computer scientist and is now the primary platform of the Internet.

Workgroup Persons sharing files and data between themselves.

Workstation The work area and/or equipment used for computer operations, including computer-aided design (CAD). The equipment generally consists of a monitor, keyboard, printer and/or plotter and other output devices.

X-Y Plotter A computer-driven printing mechanism that draws coordinate points in graph form.

ZOOM The enlarging or reducing an image displayed on a computer process of proportionately monitor.

ZIP Stands for Zone Information Protocol. This is an application that allows for the compression of application files.

Zombie A computer that has been hijacked by a cracker without the owner’s knowledge and used to perform malicious tasks on the Internet.

Computer Awareness Study Material – Computer Security

April 16, 2018 by Kalyan Leave a Comment

Computer Awareness Study Material – Computer Security

Computer Awareness Study Material Banking Awareness Marketing Aptitude

Computer security is also known as cyber security or IT security. Computer security is a branch of information technology known as information security, which is intended to protect computers. It is the protection of computing systems and the data that they store or access.

Methods to Provide Protection
There are four primary methods to provide protection

System Access Control It ensures that unauthorised users do not get into the system by encouraging authorised users to be security conscious.
Data Access Control It monitors who can access what data, and for what purpose.Your system might support mandatory access controls with these. The sytem determines access rules based on the security levels of the people, the files, and the other objects in your system.
System and Security Administration It performs offline procedures that makes or breaks secure system.
System Design It takes advantage of basic hardware and software security characteristics.

Components of Computer Security
Computer security is associated with many core areas. Basic components of computer security system are

Confidentiality It ensures that data is not accessed by any unauthorised person.
Integrity It ensures that information is not altered by any unauthorised person in such a way that it is not detectable by authorised users.
Authentication It ensures that users are the persons they claim to be.
Access Control It ensures that users access only those resources that they are allowed to access.
Non-Repudiation It ensures that originators of messages cannot deny they are not sender of the message.
Availability It ensures that systems work promptly and service is not denied to authorised users.
Privacy It ensures that individual has the right to use the information and allows another to use that information.
Stenography It is an art of hiding the existance of a message. It aids confidentiality and integrity of the data.
Cryptography It is the science of writing information in a ‘hidden’ or ‘secret’ form and is an ancient art. It protects the data in transmit and also the data stored on the disk. Some terms commonly used in cryptography are
1. Plain Text It is the original message that is an input.
2. Cipher It is a bit-by-bit or character-bycharacter transformation without regard to the meaning of the message.
3. Cipher Text It is the coded message or the encrypted data.
4. Encryption It is the process of converting plain text to cipher text, using an encryption algorithm.
5. Decryption It is the reverse of encryption, converting cipher text to plain text.

Sources of Cyber Attack
The most potent and vulnerable threat of computer users is virus attacks. A computer virus is a small software program that spreads from one computer to another and that interferes with computer operation. It is imperative for every computer user to be aware about the software and programs that can help to protect the personal computers from attacks.
The sources of attack can be

Downloadable Programs Downloadable files are one of the best possible sources of virus. Any type of executable file like games, screen saver are one of the major sources. If you want to download programs from the Internet then it is necessary to scan every program before downloading them.
Cracked Software These softwares are another source of virus attacks. Such cracked forms of illegal files contain virus and bugs that are difficult to detect as well as to remove. Hence, it is always a preferable option to download software from the appropriate source.
E-mail Attachments These attachments are the most common source of viruses. You must handle E-mail attachments with extreme care, especially if the E-mail comes from an unknown sender.
Internet Majority of all computer users are unaware as when viruses attack computer systems. Almost all computer users click or download everything that comes their way and hence unknowingly invites the possibility of virus attacks.
Booting from Unknown CD When the computer system is not working, it is a good practice to remove the CD. If you do not remove the CD, it may start to boot automatically from the disk which enhances the possibility of virus attacks.

Malware:
Threats to Computer Security
Malware stands for malicious software. It is a broad term that refers to a variety of malicious programs that are used to damage computer system, gather sensitive information, or gain access to private computer systems. It includes computer viruses, worms, trojan horses, rootkits, spyware, adware, etc.

Some of them are described
Virus
VIRUS stands for Vital Information Resources Under Siege. Computer viruses or perverse softwares are small programs that can negatively affect the computer. It obtains control of a PC and directs it to perform unusual and often destructive actions. Viruses are copied itself and attached itself to other programs which further spread the infection. The virus can affect or attack any part of the computer software such as the boot block, operating system, system areas, files and application program.

Type of Virus
Some common types of viruses are
Resident Virus It fixes themselves into the system’s memory and get activated whenever the OS runs and infects all the files that are then

It hides in the RAM and stays there even after the malicious code is executed, e.g. Randex, Meve, etc.
Direct Action Virus It comes into action when the file containing the virus is executed. It infects files in the folder that are specified in the AUTOEXEC.bat file path. e.g. Vienna virus.
Overwrite Virus It deletes the information contained in the files that it infects, rendering them partially or totally useless, once they have been infected. e.g. Way, Trj.Reboot, Trivial.88.D, etc.
Boot Sector Virus It is also called Master Boot Sector Virus or Master Boot Record Virus. This type of virus affects the boot sector of a hard disk. e.g. Polyboot.B, AntiEXE, etc.
Macros Virus It infects files that are created using certain applications or programs that contain macros, like .doc, .xls, .ppt, etc. e.g. Melissa.A.
File System Virus It is also called Cluster Virus or Directory Virus. It infects the directory of your computer by changing the path that indicates the location of a file, e.g. Dir-2 virus.
Polymorphic Virus It encrypts or encodes itself in an encrypted way, every time it infects a system. This virus then goes on to create a large number of copies, e.g. Elkern, Tuareg, etc.
FAT Virus It is used to store all the information about the location of files, unusable space, etc. e.g. Link virus, etc.
Multipartite Virus It may spread in multiple ways such as the operating system installed or the existance of certain files, e.g. Flip.
Web Scripting Virus Many Websites execute complex code in order to provide interesting content. These sites are sometimes created with purposely infected code. e.g. JS Fortnight.

Some common viruses are tabulated below

Year	Name
1971	Creeper
1982	Elk Cloner
1988	The Morris Internet Worm
1999	Melissa
2000	I Love You
2001	Code Red
2003	SQL Slammer
2003	Blaster
2004	Sasser
2010	Stuxnet
2011	Trojan
2012	Rootkit
2014	Generic PUP
2014	Net Worm

Effects of Virus
There are many different effects that viruses can have on your computer, depending on the types of virus. Some viruses can

monitor what you are doing.
slow down your computers performance.
destroy all data on your local disk.
affect on computer networks and the connection to Internet.
increase or decrease memory size.
display different types of error messages.
decrease partition size.
alter PC settings.
display arrays of annoying advertising.
extend boot times.
create more than one partition.

Worms
A computer worm is a standalone malware computer program that replicates itself in order to spread to other computers. Often, it uses a computer network to spread itself, relying on security failures on the target computer to access it. Worms are hard to detect because they are invisible files.
e.g. Bagle, I love you, Morris, Nimda, etc.

Trojan
A Trojan, or Trojan Horse, is a non-self-replicating type of malware which appears to perform a desirable function but instead facilitates unauthorised access to the user’s computer system. Trojans do not attempt to inject themselves into other files like a computer virus. Trojan Horses may steal information, or harm their host computer systems. Trojans may use drive-by downloads or install via online games or Internet-driven applications in order to reach target computers. Unlike viruses, Trojan horses do not replicate themselves, e.g. Beast, Sub7.Zeus, ZeroAccess Rootkit, etc.

Spyware
It is a program which is installed on a computer system to spy on the system owner’s activity and collects all the information which is misused afterwards. It tracks the user’s behaviour and reports back to a central source.
These are used for either legal or illegal purpose. Spyware can transmit personal information to another person’s computer over the internet.
e.g. CoolWeb Search, FinFisher, Zango, Zlob Trojan, Keyloggers, etc.

Symptoms of Malware Attack
There is a list of symptoms of malware attack which indicates that your system is infected with a computer malware.
Some primary symptoms are

Odd messages are displaying on the screen.
Some files are missing.
System runs slower.
PC crashes and restarts again and again.
Drives are not accessible.
Antivirus software will not run or installed.
Unexpected sound or music plays.
The mouse pointer changes its graphic.
System receives strange E-mails containing odd attachments or viruses.
PC starts performing functions like opening or closing window, running programs on its own.

Some Other Threats to Computer Security
There are some other threats which are described below

Spoofing It is the technique to access the unauthorised data without concerning to the authorised user. It accesses the resources over the network. It is also known as ‘Masquerade’. IP spoofing is a process or technique to enter in another computer by accessing its IP address. It pretends to be a legitimate user and access to its computer via a network.
Salami Technique It diverts small amounts of money from a large number of accounts maintained by the system.
Hacking It is the act of intruding into someone else’s computer or network. Hacking may result in a Denial of Service (DoS) attack. It prevents authorised users from accessing the resources of the computer. A hacker is someone, who does hacking process.
Cracking It is the act of breaking into computers. It is a popular, growing subject on Internet. Cracking tools are widely distributed on the Internet. They include password crackers, trojans, viruses, war- dialers, etc.
Phishing It is characterised by attempting to fraudulently acquire sensitive information such as passwords, credit cards details, etc by masquerading as a trustworthy person. Phishing messages usually take the form of fake notifications from banks providers, E-pay systems and other organisation. It is a type of Internet fraud that seeks to acquire a user’s credentials by deception.
Spam It is the abuse of messaging systems to send unsolicited bulk messages in the form of E-mails. It is a subset of electronic spam involving nearly identical messages sent to numerous recipients by E-mails.
Adware It is any software package which automatically renders advertisements in order to generate revenue for its author. The term is sometimes used to refer the software that displays unwanted advertisements. A software license is a document that provides legally binding guidelines on the use and distribution of software.
Rootkit It is a type of malware that is designed to gain administrative level control over a computer system without being detected. Rootkits can change how the operating system functions and in some cases, can temper with the antivirus program and render it infective. Rootkits are also difficult to remove, in some cases, require a complete re-installation of the operating system.

Solutions to Computer Security Threats
Some safeguards (or solutions) to protect a computer system from accidental access, are described below

Antivirus Software
It is a application software that is designed to prevent, search for, detect and remove viruses and other malicious software like worms, trojans, adware and more. It consists of computer programs that attempt to identify threats and eliminate computer viruses and other malware.
Some Popular Antivirus

Avast Avg
K7 Kaspersky
Trend Micro
Quick Heal
Symantec Norton
McAfee

Digital Certificate
It is the attachment to an electronic message used for security purposes. The common use of a digital certificate is to verify that a user sending a message is who he or she claims to be, and to provide the receiver with the means to encode a reply. It provides a means of proving your identity in electronic transactions.

Digital Signature
It is an electronic form of a signature that can be used to authenticate the identity of the sender of a message or the signer of a document, and also ensure that the original content of the message or document that has been sent is unchanged.

Firewall
It can either be software-based or hardware-based and is used to help in keeping a network secure. Its primary objective is to control the incoming and outgoing network traffic by analysing the data packets and determining whether it should be allowed through or not, based on a predetermined rule set.
A network’s firewall builds a bridge between an internal network that is assumed to be secure and trusted, and another network, usually an external (inter) network, such as the Internet, that is not assumed to be secure and trusted. A firewall also includes or works with a proxy server that makes network requests on behalf of workstation users.

There are two forms of firewalls Hardware firewall and software firewall
Password
It is a secret word or a string of characters used for user authentication to prove identity or access approval to gain access to a resource, which should be kept secret from those who are not allowed to get access.
A password is typically somewhere between 4 to 16 characters, depending on how the computer system is setup. When a password is entered, the computer system is careful not to display the characters on the display screen, in case others might see it.
There are two common modes of password as follows

Weak Password Easily remember just like names, birth dates, phone number, etc.
Strong Password Difficult to break and a combination of alphabets and symbols.

File Access Permission
Most current file systems have methods of assigning permissions or access rights to specific users and group of users. These systems control the ability of the users to view or make changes to the contents of the file system. File access permission refers to privileges that allow a user to read, write or execute a file.
There are three specific permissions as follows

Read Permission If you have read permission of a file, you can only see the contents. In case of directory, access means that the user can read the contents.
Write Permission If you have write permission of a file, you can only modify or remove the contents of a file. In case of directory, you can add or delete contents to the files of the directory.
Execute Permission If you have execute permission of a file, you can only execute a file. In case of directory, you must have execute access to the bin directory in order to execute it or cd command.

Terms Related to Security

Eavesdropping The attacker monitors transmissions for message content.
Masquerading The attacker impersonates an authorised user and thereby gain certain unauthorised privilege.
Patches It is a piece of software designed to fix problems with a computer program or its supporting data. This includes fixing security vulnerabilities and other bugs and improving the usability and performance.
Logic Bomb It is a piece of code intentionally inserted into a computer’s memory that will set off a malicious function when specified conditions are met. They are also called slag code and does not replicate itself
Time bomb It is a piece of software, that is used to the explode at a particular time.
Application Gateway This applies security mechanisms to specific applications such as File Transfer Protocol (FTP) and Telnet services.
Proxy Server It can act as a firewall by responding to input packets in the manner of an application while blocking other packets.
It hides the true network addresses and used to intercept all messages entering and leaving the network.

QUESTION BANK

1. A ……….. is anything that can cause harm.

vulnerability
phishing
threat
spoof
None of these

2. A ……….. is a small program embedded inside of a GIF image.

Web bug
cookie
spyware application
spam
None of these

3. A hacker contacts your phone or E-mails and attempts to acquire your password is called

spoofing
phishing
spamming
buging
None of these

4. The unauthorised real-time interception of a private communication such as a phone call, instant message known as

Replay
Eavesdropping
Patches
Payloads
None of these

5. Hackers often gain entry to a network be pretending to be at a legitimate computer

spoofing
forging
IP spoofing
All of these
None of these

6. The main reason to encrypt a file is to

reduce its size
secure it for transmission
prepare it for backup
include it in the start-up sequence
None of the above

7. Mechanism to protect network from outside attack is

firewall
antivirus
digital signature
formatting
None of these

8. …………… is a form of virus explicitly designed to hide itself from detection by antivirus software.

Stealth virus
Polymorphic virus
Parasitic virus
Macro virus
None of these

9. The first PC virus was developed in

1980
1984
1986
1988
1987

10. Abuse messaging systems to send unsolicited is

phishing
spam
malware
firewall
adware

11. ………… are often delivered to PC through an E-mail attachment and are often designed to do harm.

Viruses
Spams
Portals
E-mail messages
None of these

12. The first computer virus is

creeper
PARAM
the famous
HARLIE
None of these

13. A time bomb occurs during a particular

data or time
logic and data
time
All of these
None of these

14. First boot sector virus is

computed
mind
brain
Elk Cloner
None of these

15. Which virus spreads in application software?

Macro virus
Boot virus
File virus
Antiyirus
None of these

16. Some viruses have a delayed payload, which is sometimes called a

time
anti-virus
bomb
All of these
None of these

17. An antivirus is a(n)

program code
computer
company name
application software
None of these

18. It is a self-replicating program that infects computer and spreads by inserting copies of itself into other executable code or documents.

Keylogger
Worm
Virus
Cracker
None of these

19. Like a virus, it is a self-replicating program. It also propagates through computer network.

Spyware
Worm
Cracker
Phishing scam
None of these

20. What is an E-mail attachment?

A receipt sent by the recipient
A separate document from another program sent along with an E-mail message
A malicious parasite that feeds off your messages and destroys the contents
A list of Cc : or Bcc : recipients
A friend to whom E-mail is sent regularly

21. Password enables users to

get into the system quickly
make efficient use of time
retain confidentiality of files
simplify file structure
None of the above

22. A program designed to destroy data on your computer which can travel to infect other computers, is called a

disease
tarpedo
hurricave
virus
None of these

23. Antivirus software is an example of

business software
an operating system
a security
an office suite
None of the above

24. Hackers

all have the same motive
is another name of users
many legally break into computer as long as they do not do any damage
are people who are allergic to computers
break into other people’s computer

25. Which was the first PC boot sector virus?

Creeper
Payload
Bomb
Brain
None of these

26. There are viruses that are triggered by the passage of time or on a certain date.

Boot-sector viruses
Macro viruses
Time bombs
Worms
None of these

27. It is the process of finding errors in software code

Debugging
Compiling
Testing
All of these
None of these

28. ………… is the process of finding errors in software code?

Compiling
Testing
Running
Debugging
None of the above

29. Which one of the following is a cryptographic protocol used to secure http connection? [RBI Grade B 2009]

Stream Control Transmission Protocol(SCTP)
Transport Layer Security (TLS)
Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN)
Resource Reservation Protocol (RRP)
None of the above

30. A firewall operated by [SBI Clerk 2010]

the pre-purchase phase
isolating intranet from extranet
screening packets to/from the network and provide controllable filtering of network traffic
All of the above
None of the above .

31. Which of the following is a criminal activity attempting to acquire sensitive information such as passwords, credit cards, debits by masquerading as a trustworthy person or business in an electronic communication? [IBPS Clerk 2010]

Spoofing
Phishing
Stalking
Hacking
None of these

32. Which one of the following is a key function of firewall? [SBI PO 2010]

Monitoring
Deleting
Copying
Moving
None of these

33. Junk E-mail is also called [Union Bank of India 2011]

spam
spoof
sniffer script
spool
None of these

34. A person who uses his or her expertise to gain access to other people computers to get information illegally or do damage is a [Allahabad Bank PO 2011]

spammer
hacker
instant messenger
All of these
None of these

35. Vendor created program modifications are called [Allahabad Bank PO 2011]

patches
antiviruses
hales
fixes
overlaps.

36. The ………… of a threat measures its potential impact on a system. [IBPS Clerk 2011]

vulnerabilities
counter measures
degree of harm
susceptibility
None of these

37. A digital signature is [SBI Clerk 2011]

scanned signature
signature in binary form
encrypting information
handwritten signature
None of the above

38. Which of the following a computer’s memory, but unlike a virus, it does not replicate itself ? [SBI PO 2011]

Trojan horse
Logic bomb
Cracker
Firewall
None of these

39. Computer virus is [IBPS Clerk 2011]

a hardware
windows tool
a computer program
a system software
None of the above

40. A program designed to destroy data on your computer which can travel to “infect” other computers is called a [RBI Grade B 2012]

disease
torpedo
hurricane
virus
infector

41. If your computer rebooting itself then it is likely that [SBI Clerk 2012]

It has a virus
It does not have enough memory
There is no printer
There has been a power surge
It need a CD-ROM

42. Viruses trojan horses and worms are [IBPS Clerk 2012]

able to harm computer system
unable to detect if present on computer
user-friendly applications
harmless applications resident on computer
None of the above

43. To protect yourself from computer hacker intrusions you should install a [RBI Grade B 2012]

firewall
mailer
macro
script
None of these

44. The legal right to use software based on specific restrictions is granted via a [RBI Grade B 2012]

software privacy policy
software license
software password manager
software log
None of the above

45. ………. are attempts by individuals to obtain confidential information from you by falsifying their identity. [IBPS PO 2011, IBPS Clerk 2013]

Phishing trips
Computer viruses
Spyware scams
Viruses
Phishing scams

46. All of the following are examples of real-security and privacy risks except [SBI PO 2011, IBPS Clerk 2014]

hackers
spam
viruses
identify theft
None of the above

47. Which of the following refers to dangerous programs that can be ‘caught’ of opening E-mail attachments and downloading software from the Internet? [SBI PO 2014]

Utility
Virus
Honey Pot
Spam
App

48. Which of the following enables to determine how often a user visited a Website? [IBPS Clerk 2014]

Hackers
Spammers
Phish
Identity thefts
Cookies

49. What is a person called who uses a computer tp cause harm to people or destroy critical systems? [IBPS Clerk 2014]

Cyber Terrorist
Black-hat-Hacker
Cyber Cracker
Hacktivist
Other than those given as options

50. Verification of a login name and password is known as [IBPS Clerk 2014]

configuration
accessibility
authentication
logging in
Other than those given as options

51. ………. refers to the unauthorised copying and distribution of software. [IBPS Clerk 2014]

Hacking
Software piracy
Software literacy
Cracking
Copyright

52. Software such as Viruses, Worms and Trojan Horses that has a malicious content, is known as [IBPS Clerk 2014]

Malicious software (malware)
adware
scareware
spyware
firewall

53. ……… are often delivered to a PC through an mail attachment and are often designed to do harm. [IBPS PO 2015]

Portals
Spam
Viruses
Other than those given as options
E-mail messages

54. A computer virus normally attaches itself to another computer program known as a [IBPS PO 2015]

host program
target program
backdoor program
Bluetooth
Trojan horse

55. If you are allowing a person on the network based on the credentials to maintain the security of your network, then this act refers to the process of [IBPS PO 2016]

Authentication
Automation
Firewall
Encryption
Decryption

ANSWERS

Computer Awareness Study Material – Internet and its Services

April 16, 2018 by Kalyan Leave a Comment

Computer Awareness Study Material – Internet and its Services

Computer Awareness Study Material Banking Awareness Marketing Aptitude

The Internet has gained popularity and emerged as an important and efficient means of communication. The idea of introducing the Internet was to allow millions of people to share information and ideas, sound, video clips using their computers across the world. The Internet is a world wide network of networked computers those are able to exchange information with each other. It consists of thousands of separately administered network of various sizes and types.

Internet
Internet stands for International Network, which began in 1950’s by Vint Cerf known as the Father of Internet. Internet is a ‘network of networks’ that consists millions of private and public networks of local to global scope. Basically, network is a group of two or more computer systems linked together.
The data move around the Internet is controlled by protocols. Under TCP/IP protocol (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol), a file is broken into smaller parts by the file server called packets. All computers on the Internet, communicate with one another using TCP/IP, which is a basic protocol of the Internet.

History of Internet
In 1969, the University of California at Los Angeles, the University of Utah were connected as the beginning of the ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) using 50 kbits circuits.
It was the world’s first operational packet switching network. The goal of this project was to connect computers at different universities and U.S. defence.
In mid 80’s another federal agency, the National Science Foundation, created a new high capacity network called NSFnet, which was more capable than ARPANET. The only drawback of NSFnet was that it allowed only the academic research on its network and not any kind of private business on it. So, private organisations and people started working to build their own networks, which were later interconnected with ARPANET and NSFnet to form the Internet.
Advantages of the Internet

Allows you to easily communicate with other people.
Global reach enables one to connect anyone on the Internet.
Publishing documents on the Internet saves paper.
A valuable resource for companies to advertise and conduct business.
Greater access to information reduces research times.

Disadvantages of the Internet

It is a major source of computer viruses.
Messages sent across the Internet can be easily intercepted and are open to abuse by others.
Much of the information is not checked and may be incorrect or irrelevant.
Unsuitable and undesirable material available that sometimes are used by notorious people such as terrorists.
Cyber frauds may take place involving Credit/Debit card numbers and details.

Internet Connections
Bandwidth and cost are the two factors that help you in deciding which Internet connection is to use. The speed of Internet access depends on the bandwidth.

Some of the Internet connections available for Internet access are as follows
Dial-Up Connection
A Dial-up is a method of connecting to the Internet using an existing telephone. Dial-up connection uses the telephone line to connect to the Internet. The modem connects the computer through the standard phone lines, which serve as the data transfer medium. When a user initiates a dial-up connection, the modem dials a phone number of an Internet Service Provider (ISP) that is designated to receive dial-up calls. The ISP then establishes the connection, which usually takes about ten seconds and is accompanied by several beeping and buzzing sounds.

Broadband Connection
The term broadband commonly refers to high speed Internet access that is always on and faster than the traditional dial-up access. It uses a telephone line to connect to the Internet. Broadband access allows users to connect to the Internet at greater speed than a standard 256 KB modem or dial-up access. Broadband includes several high speed transmission technologies such as follows

Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) DSL is a popular broadband connection. It provides Internet access by transmitting digital data over the wires of a local telephone network. DSL is the most common type of broadband service. It uses the existing copper telephone lines. A special modem is necessary in order to be able to use a DSL service over a standard phone line.
Cable Modem This service enables cable operators to provide broadband using the same co-axial cables that deliver pictures and sound to your TV set. Most cable modems are external devices that have two connections, one to the cable wall outlet and the other to a computer. They provide transmission speed of 1.5 Mbps or more.
Fibre Optic This technology converts electrical signals carrying data to light and sends the light through transparent glass fibres of about the diameter of a human hair. Fibre transmits data at speed far exceeding current DSL or cable modem speeds, typically by tens or even hundreds of Mbps.
Broadband over Power Line (BPL) BPL is the delivery of broadband over the existing low and medium voltage electric power distribution network. BPS speeds are comparable to DSL and cable modem speeds. BPL is good for areas, where there are no other broadband connections, but power infrastructure exists, e.g. rural areas.

Wireless Connection
Wireless broadband connects a home or business to the Internet using a radio link between the customer’s location and the service provider’s facility. Wireless broadband can be mobile or fixed. Unlike DSL and cable, wireless broadband requires neither a modem nor cables and as a result it can be easily established in areas, where it is not feasible to deploy DSL or cable. Some ways to connect the

Internet wirelessly are as follows

Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) It is a universal wireless networking technology that utilises radio frequencies to transfer data. Wi-Fi allows high speed Internet connections without the use of cables or wires.
Wi-Fi networks can be use for public Internet access at ‘hotspot’ such as restaurants, coffee shops, hotels, airports, convention centers and city parks.
Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) It is one of the hottest broadband wireless technologies around today. WiMAX systems are expected to deliver broadband access services to residential and enterprise customers in an economical way.
It is based on wireless MAX technology. WiMAX would operate similar to Wi-Fi but at higher speed, over greater distances and for a greater number of users. WiMAX has the ability to provide service even in areas that are difficult for wired infrastructure to reach and the ability to overcome the physical limitations of traditional wired infrastructure.
Mobile Wireless Broadband Services These services are also becoming available from mobile telephone service providers and others. These services are generally appropriate for mobile customers and require a special PC card with a built-in antenna that plugs into a user’s laptop computer. Generally, they provide lower speeds in the range of several hundred kbps.
Satellite Satellites which orbiting the earth provide necessary links for telephone and television service. They can also provide links for broadband. Satellite broadband is another form of wireless broadband and is also useful for serving remote.

Interconnecting Protocols
A protocol is a set of rules that govern data communications. A protocol defines what is communicated, how it is communicated and when it is communicated. Generally, some of protocols used to communicate via an Internet are as follows

Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol
The Internet protocol suits are the set of communication protocols used for the Internet.
The details of TCP/IP are as follows

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) It provides reliable transport service, i.e. it ensures that message sent from sender to receiver are properly routed. It converts messages into a set of packets’ at the source which are then reassembled back into messages at the destination.
Internet Protocol (IP) It allows different computers to communicate by creating a network of networks. IP handles the dispatch of packets over the network. It maintains the addressing of packets with multiple standards. Each IP packet must contain source and the destination address.

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
FTP can transfer files between any computers that have an Internet connection and also works between computers using totally different operating systems. Some examples of FTP software are FileZilla, Kasablanca, gFTP, konqueror, etc.

HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
HTTP defines how messages are formatted and transmitted and what actions should be taken by the Web servers and browsers in response to various commands. e.g. when you enter a URL in your browser, this actually sends an HTTP command to the Web server directing it to fetch and transmit the requested Web page. HTTP is called a stateless protocol because each command is executed independently, without any knowledge of the commands that came before it.

HyperText Markup Language (HTML)
HTML is used for designing Web pages. A markup language is a set of markup (angular bracket, <>) tags which tells the Web browser how to display a Web page’s words and images for the user. Each individual markup code is referred to as an element or tag.

Telnet Protocol
Telnet is a program that runs on the computer and connects PC to a server on the network and the protocol used on the Internet or Local Area Network (LAN). Telnet session will started by entering valid username and password.

Usenet Protocol
The Usenet service allows a group of Internet users to exchange their views/ideas and information on some common topic that is of interest to all the members belonging to that same group.
Several such groups exist on the Internet are called newsgroups. Usenet has no central server or administration.

Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
PPP is a dial account which puts your computer directly on the Internet. A modem is required for such connection which transmits the data 9600 bits per second.

Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)
A WAP browser is a commonly used Web browser for small mobile devices such as cell phones.

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)
It allows delivery of voice communication over IP networks, e.g. IP calls.

Terms Related to Internet
World Wide Web (WWW)
WWW was introduced on 13th March, 1989. The world wide web is a system of Internet servers that supports hypertext and multimedia to access several Internet protocols on a single interface. The world wide web is often abbreviated as the Web or WWW. The world wide web is a way of exchanging information between computers on the Internet, try to tie them together into a vast collection of interactive multimedia resources (Graphics, Audio, Video, Animation and Text).

Web Page
The backbone of the world wide web is made of files, called pages or Web pages, containing information and links to resources – both text and multimedia – throughout the Internet. It is created using HTML. There are basically two main types of static and dynamic. Static Webpage are those with content that cannot change after accessing the Web page while dynamic Web page content change every time. The main or first page of a Website is known as home page.

Website
A group of Web pages athat follow the same theme and are connected together with hyperlinks is called Website. In other words, “A Website is a collection of digital documents, primarily HTML files, that are linked together and that exist on the Web under the same domain”.
e.g. http://www.carwale.com is a Website while http://www.carwale.com/new/ is a Web page.

Web Browser
It is a software application that is used to locate, retrieve and also display content on the world wide web, including Web pages. Web browsers are programs used to explore the Internet. We can install more than one Web browser on a single computer. The user can navigate through files, folders and Websites with the help of a browser.

There are two types of Web browsers as follows

Text Web Browser A Web browser that displays only text-based information is known as text Web browser, e.g. Lynx, which provides access to the Internet in the text mode only.
Graphical Web Browser A Web browser that supports both text and graphic information is known as graphical Web browser, e.g. Internet Explorer, Firefox, Netscape, Safari, Google Chrome and Opera.

Note: The first graphical Web browser was NCSA Mosaic.

Web Server
It is a computer program that serves requested HTML pages or files. A Web client is the requesting program associated with the user. The Web browser is a client that requests HTML files from Web servers. The server computer will deliver those Web pages to the computers that request them and may also do other processing with the Web pages, such as calculations and entries into databases. Every Web server that is connected to the Internet is given a unique address, i.e. IP address made up of a series of four numbers, e.g. Apache HTTP Server, Internet Information Services, Lightppd, etc.

Web Address and URL
A Web address identifies the location of a specific Web page on the Internet, such as http://www.learnyoga.com. On the Web, Web addresses are called URLs. URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator.
It is the Web address for a Website or a Web page, Tim Berners Lee created the first URL in 1991 to allow the publishing of hyperlinks on the world wide web. The URL specifies the Internet address of a file stored on a host computer connected to the Internet, e.g. ” http://www. google.com/services/index/htm’’
http – Protocol identifier
WWW – World Wide Web|
google.com – Domain name
/services/ – Directory
index.htm – Web page

Domain Name
Domain is a group of network resources assigned to a group of users. A domain name is a way to identify and locate computers connected to the Internet. A domain name must be unique. It always have two or more parts, separated by period/dot (•). e.g. google.com, yahoo.com, etc.
Domains are organised by the type of organisations and by country. A three-letter abbreviation indicating the organisation and usually two-letter abbreviation indicating the country name.

Most common domain abbreviations for organisation are as follows

info	Informational organisation
com	Commercial
gov	Government
edu	Educational
mil	Military
net	Network resources
org	Non-profit organisation

Some domain abbreviations for country as follows

in	India
au	Australia
fr	France
nz	New Zealand
uk	United Kingdom

Domain Name System (DNS)
DNS stores and associates many types of information ‘ with domain names, but most importantly, it translates domain names (computers host names) to IP addresses. It also lists mail exchange servers accepting E-mail for each domain. DNS is an essential component of contemporary Internet use.

Blogs
A Blog is a Website or Web page in which an individual records opinions, links to other site, on regular basis. Many people compare it with a journal, except it is written online and for everyone to see.
A typical blog combines text, images, and links to other blogs, Web pages and other media related to its topic. Most blogs, are primarily textual, although some focus on art, photographs, videos, music and audio. In education, blogs can be used as instructional resources. These blogs are referred to as edublogs. The entries of blog is also known as posts.

Newsgroups
An area on a computer network especially the Internet, devoted to the discussion of a specified topic is known as Newsgroup. Online discussion group that allows interaction through electronic bulletin board system and chat sessions.
Newsgroups are organised into subject hierarchies, with the first letters of the newsgroup name indicating the major subject category and sub-categories represented by a subtopic name.

Search Engine
It is a Website that provides the required data on specific topics. Search engines turn the Web into a powerful tool for finding information on any topic. When you type any term in search bar, then the search engine will look for matching Websites from all over the Web.
Many search engines also have directories or lists of topics that are organised into categories. Browsing these directories, is also a very efficient way to find information on a given topic.
Here are some of the most popular search engines

Google        http://www.google.com
AltaVista http://www.altavista.com
Yahoo  http://www.yahoo.com
Hotbot          http://www.hotbot.com
Lycos            http://www.lycos.com
Excite            http://www.excite.com
WebCrawler  http://www.webcrawler.com

Services of Internet
An Internet user can access to a wide variety of services such as electronic mail, file transfer, interest group membership, multimedia displays, real-time broadcasting, shopping, etc. Some of the important services provided by the Internet are briefed in the following sections

Chatting
It is the online textual or multimedia conversation. It is widely interactive text-based communication process that takes place over the Internet. Chat with people using the Internet is somewhat similar to using the telephone for the same purpose. Chatting, i.e. a virtual means of communication that involves the sending and receiving of messages, share audio and video between users located in any part of the world. e.g. Skype, Yahoo, Messenger, etc.

E-mail (Electronic mail)
E-mail is an electronic version of sending and receiving letter. Electronic mail lets you send and receive messages in electronic form. The person who communicates with you could be any other user on the Internet; someone using the computer system as you or other computer system thousands of miles away.
The E-mail is transmitted between computer systems, which exchange messages or pass them onto other sites according to certain Internet protocols or rules for exchanging E-mail. To use E-mail, a user must have an E-mail address. The E-mail address contains all information required to send or receive a message from anywhere in the world. Storage area for E-mail messages is called mail box.
E-mail address consists of two parts separated by @ symbol – the first part is user name and the second part is host name (domain name).
However, spaces are not allowed within the E-mail address. e.g. arihantbooks@gmail.com
Here, arihantbooks is a username and gmail.com is a host computer name.

Video Conferencing
It is a communication technology that integrates video and audio to connect users anywhere in the world as if they were in the same room.
This term usually refers to communication between three or more users who are in atleast two locations, rather than one-to-one communication and it often includes multiple people at each location. Each user or group of users who are participating in a video conference typically must have a computer, a camera, a microphone, a video screen and a sound system.

E-learning
E-learning (Electronic Learning) refers to the electronic mode of delivering learning, training or educational programs to users. It is the mode of acquiring knowledge by means of the Internet and computer based training programs.

E-banking
E-banking (Electronic Banking) is defined as the automated delivery of new and traditional banking products and services directly to customers through electronic, interactive communication channels. E-banking is also known as Internet Banking or Online Banking. E-banking means any user with a personal computer and a browser can get connected to his bank’s Website to perform any of the virtual banking functions. All the services that the bank has permitted on the Internet are displayed in menu.
It allows customers to access account specific information and possibly conduct transactions from a remote location such as at home or at the workplace.

E-shopping
E-shopping (Electronic Shopping) or online shopping is the process of buying goods and services from merchants who sell on the Internet.
Consumers buy a variety of items from online stores. In fact, people can purchase just about anything from companies that provide their products online.
Books, clothing, household appliances, toys, hardware, software and health insurance are just some of the hundreds of products, consumers can buy from an online store. Some E-shopping site are Naaptol, Flipkart, Yebbi, Homeshop 18, etc.

E-reservation
E-reservation (Electronic Reservation) means making a reservation for a service via Internet. You need not personally go to an office or a counter to book/reserve railways, airways tickets, hotel rooms, tourist packages, etc.
Examples of E-reservation sites are as follows

irctc.com
makemytrip.com
yatra.com
bookingsite.com

Social Networking
It is the grouping of individuals into specific groups, like small rural communities or a neighbourhood subdivision, if you will.
A social networking service is an online service, platform or site that focuses on facilitating the building of social networks or social relations among people.
The most popular sites are currently Facebook, MySpace and Orkut, etc.
Note: Facebook was developed by Mark Zuckerberg.

E-commerce
E-commerce (Electronic Commerce) includes sharing business information, maintaining business relationships and conducting business transactions by means of telecommunication networks or process of trading goods over the Internet.
Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) is the electronic transfer of a business transaction between sender or receiver computer.
Note: E-trading is the process of trading the goods and items over the Internet.

M-commerce
M-commerce (Mobile Commerce) provides the application for buying and selling goods or services through wireless Internet enabled handheld devices. It involves new technologies, services and business models.
Note: Mobile commerce was launched in 1997 by Kevin Duffey.

QUESTION BANK

1. The vast network of computers that connects millions of people all over the world is called

LAN
Web
Hypertext
Internet
None of these

2. The Internet is a system of

software bundles
Web page
Website
interconnected networks
None of these

3. The Internet allows to

send electronic mail
view Web pages
connect to servers all around the world
All of the above
None of the above

4. Storage area for E-mail messages is called

folder
file
mail box
directory
hard disk

5. An E-mail address typically consists of a user ID followed by the ……….. sign and the domain name that manages the user’s electronic post office box.

6. Documents converted to ……….. can be published to the Web.

.doc file
http
machine language
HTML
XML file

7. HTML is used for designing Web pages. Here, HTML stands for

High Transfer Machine Language
High Transmission Markup Language
HyperText Markup Language
Hyper Transfer Markup Language
Hypermedia Transmission Machine Language

8. The home page of a Website is

the largest page
the last page
the first page
the most colourful page
the most recent page

9. The common name for a modulator- demodulator is

modem
jointer
networker
connector
demod

10. URL identifies the location of a specific Web page on the Internet, Here URL stands for

Uniform Read Locator
Uniform Resource Locator
Unicode Research Location
United Research Locator
None of the above

11. Which is not the feature of Internet?

E-mail
Newsgroup
Chat
Designing
None of these

12. A protocol is a set of rules that consists of

TCD/IT
TCP/IP
TCP/IT
TCT/IP
All of these

13. Which of the following terms is not related to Internet?

Link
Function key
Browser
Search engine
Hyperlink

14. Which among the following is a search engine?

Internet Explorer
Flash
Google
Firefox
All of these

15. Which of the following is true statements about modems?

Modems use the telephone lines
Modem stands for modulator and demodulator
Modems are no longer used in secure network
A modem’s fastest transfer rate is 56 kbps
Both ‘1’ and ‘2’

16. ………… is the encompassing term that involves the use of electronic platforms-intranets, extranets and the Intemet-to conduct a company’s business.

E-commerce
E-marketing
E-procurement
E-business
None of these

17. A device needed to communicate with computers using telephone lines is a

disk
CPU
modem
VDU
None of these

18. Video conferencing is used for

talking each other
communicating purpose
live conversation
All of the above
None of the above

19. Gmail belongs to

great mail
yahoo mail
google mail
gopher mail
None of the above

20. FTP can transfer files between any computers that have an Internet connection. Here, FTP stands for

File Transfer Protocol
Fast Text Processing
File Transmission Program
Fast Transmission Processor
None of the above

21. Which one of the following is used to browse and search for information on the Internet?

Eudora
Netscape
FTP
Telnet
None of these

22. In computing, IP address means

International Pin
Internet Protocol
Invalid Pin
Insert Pin
Internet Provider

23. Which of the following cannot be part of an E-mail address?

Period (.)
At Sign (@)
Space ()
Underscore (_)
None of these

24. The WWW is made up of the set of interconnected ……… that are linked together over the Internet.

electronic documents
Web pages
files
All of these
None of these

25. Internet was developed in the

1950s
1960s
1970s
1980s
1990s

26. The Internet service that provides a multimedia interface to available resources is called

FTP
world wide web
telnet
gopher
None of these

27. The ……… service allows a group of Internet users to exchange their views on some common topic.

nicnet
milnet
telnet
Usenet
None of these

28. ………. is collection of Web pages and ……….. is the very first page that we seen on opening of Website.

Home page, Web page
Website, home page
Web page, home page
Web page, Website
None of the above

29. What is a spider?

A computer virus
A program that catalogs Websites
A hacker who breaks into corporate computer systems
An application for viewing Websites
None of the above

30. Which of the following is the new format for the Internet that is an upgrade to the Internet’s main communication protocol IP?

IPv5
IPv6
IPv4
IPv7
None of these

31. The Internet is

a large network of networks
an internal communication system for a business
a communication system for the Indian government
All of the above
None of the above

32. Which of the following is an example of connectivity?

Internet
Floppy disk
Power cord
Data
None of these

33. DSL is an example of which connection?

Network
Wireless
Slow
Broadband
None of these

34. Which of the following is not a type of broadband Internet connection?

Cable
DSL
Dial-up
Satellite
None of these

35. Your business has contracted with another company to have them host and run an application for your company over the Internet. The company providing this service to your business is called an

Internet Service Provider
Internet Access Provider
Application Service Provider
Application Access Provider
Outsource Agency

36. Which of the following terms is just the collection of networks that can be joined together?

VPN
LAN
Intranet
Extranet
Internet

37. E-mail addresses separate the user name from the ISP using the…………… symbol.

$
@
%
$
None of these

38. If you receive an E-mail from someone you don’t know, what should you do?

Forward it to the police immediately
Delete it without opening it
Open it and respond to them saying you don’t know them
Reply and ask them for their personal information
Reply and tell them you want to keep in touch with them

39. The secret code that gives you access to some program, is

clue
cue
password
help
None of these

40. The standard protocol of the Internet is [SBI PO 2010]

TCP/IP
Java
HTML
flash
None of these

41. Which of the following is the communication protocol that sets the standard used by every computer that accesses Web-based information? [SBI PO 2010]

XML
DML
HTTP
HTML
None of these

42. A Website address is a unique name that identifies a specific……… on the Web. [SBI PO 2010]

Web browser
Website
PDA
link
None of these

43. Sending an E-mail is similar to [SBI Clerk 2011]

writing a letter
drawing a picture
talking on the phone
sending a package
None of the above

44. A ………… is a software program used to view Web pages. [SBI Clerk 2011]

site
host
link
browser
None of these

45. Which of the following is used by the browser to connect to the location of the Internet resources? [IBPS Clerk 2011]

Linkers
protocol
Cable
URL
None of these

46. An educational institution would generally have the following in its domain name. [IBPS Clerk 2011]

.org
.edu
.inst
.com
.sch

47. Which of the following is required to create an HTML document? [IBPS Clerk 2011]

Browser
Internet
Text editor
Search engine
None of these

48. A ……….. is the term used when a search engine returns a Web page that matches the search criteria. [IBPS PO 2011]

blog
hit
link
view
success

49. Mobile commerce is best described as [IBPS PO 2011]

the use of kiosks in marketing
transporting products
buying and selling goods/services through wireless hand held devices
using notebook PC’s in marketing
None of the above

50. Each IP packet must contain [IBPS Clerk 2011]

only source address
only destination address
source and destination address
source or destination address
None of the above

51. What is included in an E-mail address? [IBPS Clerk 2012]

Domain name followed by user’s name
User’s name followed by domain name
User’s name followed by postal address
User’s name followed by street address
None of the above

52. What is URL? [IBPS PO 2012]

A computer software program
A type of programming object
The address of a document or ‘page’ on the world wide web
An acronym for unlimited resource for learning
A piece of hardware

53. A(n) ……… allows you to access your E-mail from anywhere. [IBPS PO 2012]

forum
webmail interface
message board
weblog
None of these

54. Which of these is not a means of personal communication on the Internet? [IBPS PO 2012, IBPS Clerk 2013]

Chat
Instant messaging
Instanotes
Electronic-mail
None of these

55. Which of the following will be used if a sender of E-mail wants to bold, italics, etc the text message? [IBPS Clerk 2012]

Reach signature
Rich text
Reach format
Plain format
Plain text

56. The process of trading goods over the Internet is known as [IBPS Clerk 2012]

E-selling n buying
E-trading
E-finance
E-salesmanship
E-commerce

57. Which of the following must be contained in a URL? [IBPS PO 2012]

A protocol identifier
The letters, WWW.
The unique registered domain name
WWW and the unique registered domain name
A protocol identifier, WWW and the unique registered domain name

58. A Website is collection of [IBPS Clerk 2012]

graphics
programs
algorithms
Web pages
charts

59. A cookie [IBPS Clerk 2012]

stores information about the user’s Web activity
stores software developed by the user
stores the password of the user
stores the commands used by the user
None of the above

60. Telnet is a ……….. based computer protocol.[IBPS Clerk 2012]

sound
text
image
animation
digits

61. Through ……….. an administrator or another user can access someone else’s computer remotely. [IBPS Clerk 2012]

administrator
web server
web application
http
telnet

62. An http request contains ………. [IBPS Clerk 2012]

63. Which of the following domains is used by profit business? [SBI Clerk 2012]

.com
.edu
.mil
.net
.org

64. The device that reconciles the differences between computers and phones is the [SBI Clerk 2012]

LAN
wand reader
TCP/IP
scanner
modem

65. The last three letters of the domain name describes the type of [SSC FCI 2012]

organisation (domain name)
connectivity
server
protocol

66. What is M-commerce? [SSC CGL 2012]

Machine commerce
Mobile commerce
Money commerce
Marketing commerce

67. To view information on the Web you must have a [RBI Grade B 2012]

cable modem
Web browser
domain name server
hypertext viewer
None of the above

68. What is an E-mail attachment? [RBI Grade B 2012]

A receipt sent by the recipient
A separate document from another program sent alongwith an E-mail.
malicious parasite that feeds on your messages and destroys the contents
A list ofCc of Bcc recipients
A friend to whom E-mail is sent regularly

69. ……….. shows the files, folders and drives on your computer, making it easy to navigate from one location to another within the file hierarchy. [RBI Grade B 2012]

Microsoft Internet Explorer
Windows Explorer
My Computer
Folders Manager
Windows Locator

70. Junk E-mail is also called [RBI Grade B 2012]

crap
spoof
sniffer script
spool
spam

71. Specialized programs that assist users in locating information on the Web are called [RBI Grade B 2012]

information engines
locator engines
Web browsers
resource locators
search engines

72. Conference (Netscape), Netmeeting (Internet Explorer) enables (choose the option that best describes)
[RBI Grade B 2012]

Sharing voice one the net
Live textual conferencing
Live audio conferencing
Live real time conferencing
None of the above

73. E-commerce uses the following key standards technologies _{[RBI Grade B 20}12]

Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
Technical Data Interchange (TDI)
Standard for Exchange of Products model data (STEP)
Extensible Markup Language
All of the above

74. Telnet is a [SSC CHSL]

search engine
browser
protocol
gateway

75. WWW stands for [IBPS Clerk 2013]

World Wide Web
World Wide Wonder
Wide World Web
None of the above

76. A(n) ………. appearing on a Web page opens World Wide Wizard another document when clicked. [SBI PO 2013]

anchor
URL
hyperlink
reference
heading

77. Who is the founder of ‘facebook’ which is currently the No. 1 social networking Website in India? [SSC CGL 2013]

Orkut Buycukkokten
Mark Zuckerberg
Bill Gates
Martin Cooper

78. In HTML, tags consists of keywords enclosed within [SSC CHSL 2013]

flower brackets
angular brackets <>
parentheses ()
square brackets [ ]

79. IPv4 address is [IBPS PO 2013]

8 bit
16 bit
32 bit
64 bit
None of these

80. A programme, either talk numeric that is made available in digital format for automatic download over the Internet is called [IBPS Clerk 2013]

vodcast
blog
podcast
wiki
broadcast

81. A browser is a [RBI Grade B 2013]

tool for creating a database
software program to view Web pages on the Internet
printing device
software program to delete a folder
None of the above

82. A host on the Internet finds another host by its [RBI Grade B 2014]

postal address
electronic address
IP address
name
None of these

83. A stored link to a Web page, in order to have a quick an easy access to is later, is called [RBI Grade B 2014]

WP-Link
Bookmark
Field
Length
None of these

84. Which protocol provides E-mail facility among different hosts? [RBI Grade B 2014]

SMTP
FTP
TELNET
SNMP
None of these

85. Which of the following terms is associated with Internet E-mail? [SBI Clerk 2014]

Plotter
Slide presentation
Bookmark
Pie chart
Microsoft Excel

86. The ……….. which contains billions of documents called Web pages, is one of the more popular services on the Internet. [SBI Clerk 2014]

Web server
telnet
Web
collection
newsnet

87. What is a Website? [RBI Grade B 2014]

A place from where we can get information in documents and fdes.
A site that is owned by any particular company
A location on the world wide web
A place from where we can access Internet
None of the above

88. What is the full from of HTTP? [IBPS Clerk 2014]

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
Hyper Text Transition Protocol
Hyper Text Transfer Program
Hyper Text Transition Program
Hyper Text Trivial Protocol

89. What does the acronym ISP stand for? [IBPS Clerk 2014]

Internal Service Provider
International Service Provider
Internet Service Provider
Internet Service Providing
Internet Service Provision

90. Which of the following is a group of servers that share work and may be able to back each other up if one server fails? [IBPS Clerk 2015]

Channel bank
Cluster
Tiger team
Serverless backup
Logical unit

91. Documents converted to……… can be published to the Web. [IBPS PO 2015]

a doc file
http
Other than those given as options
machine language
HTML

92. Which of the following is not a term pertaining to E-mail? [IBPS Clerk 2015]

PowerPoint
Inbox
Sender
Receiver
None of the above

ANSWERS

Computer Awareness Study Material – Data Communication and Networking

April 13, 2018 by Kalyan Leave a Comment

Computer Awareness Study Material – Data Communication and Networking

Computer Awareness Study Material Banking Awareness Marketing Aptitude

The term communication means sending or receiving information. When we communicate, we share information or data. A communication system can be defined as the collection of hardware and software that facilitates intersystem exchange of information between different devices.

Data Communication
It is the exchange of data between two devices using some form of transmission media. It includes the transfer of data or information and the method of preservation of data during the transfer process. Data is transferred from one place to another in the form of signals. There are three types of signals

Digital Signal In this signal, data is transmitted in electronic form of data, i.e. binary digits (0 or 1).
Analog Signal In this signal, data is transmitted in the form of radiowaves like in telephone line.
Hybrid Signal These signals have properties of both analog signal and digital signal.

Communication Channel
The communication channel refers to the direction of signal flow between two linked devices.

Types of Communication Channel
There are mainly three types of communication channel

Simplex Channel In this channel, the flow of data is always in one direction, with no capability to support response in other direction. This communication is unidirectional. Only one of the communicating devices transmits information and the other can only receive it. e.g. Radio, Television, Keyboard, etc.
Half Duplex Channel In this channel, the data can flow in both directions, but not at a same time. When one device transmits information, then other can only receive at that point of time, e.g. Walkie-Talkie.
Full Duplex Channel In this channel, the flow of data is in both directions at a time, i.e. both stations can transmit and receive information simultaneously, e.g. Wireless handset (mobile phone).

Communication Media
Communication media of a network refer to the transmission media or the connecting media used in the network. It can be broadly defined as anything that can carry information from a source to destination. It refers to the physical media through which communication signals can be transmitted from one point to another.

Transmission media can be divided into two broad categories
Guided Media or Wired Technologies
The data signal in guided media is bound by the cabling system that guides the data signal along a specific path. It consists of a cable composed of metals like copper, tin or silver.
Basically, they are divided into three categories

Ethernet Cable or Twisted Pair In this pair, wires are twisted together, which are surrounded by an insulating material and an outer layer called A twisted pair consists of two conductors (copper). One of the wires is used to carry signals to the receiver and the other is used only as a ground reference. It is used as a short distance communication, e.g. Local area networks use twisted pair cable.
Co-axial Cable It carries the signal of higher frequency data communication through the network. It consists of a solid wire core surrounded by foil shielded or conducting braid or wire mesh, each separated by some insulator. It has a single inner conductor that transmits electric signals and the outer conductor acts as a ground and is wrapped in a sheath of teflon or PVC.
Co-axial cable is commonly used in transporting multi-channel television signals in cities, e.g. Cable TV network.
Optical fibres allow transmission over longer distance at higher bandwidth which is not affected by electromagnetic field. The speed of optical fibre is hundred of times faster than co-axial cables.
Fibre Optic Cable It is made up of glass or plastic and transmits signals in the form of light from a source at one end to another. At the source, there are either Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) or Laser Diodes (LDs), which modulate the data into light beam using frequency modulation techniques.

Unguided Media or Wireless Technologies
It is the transfer of information over a distance withput the use of enhanced electrical conductors or wires. When the computers in a network are interconnected and data is transmitted through waves, then they are said to be connected through unguided media.
Some commonly used unguided media of transmission are

Radiowave Transmission When two terminals communicate by using radio frequencies then such type of communication is known as radiowave transmission. This transmission is also known as Radio Frequency (RF) transmission. These are omnidirectional. Radiowaves, particularly those waves that propagate in the sky mode, can travel long distances. Each computer attaches to an antenna that can both send and receive radio transmission.
Microwave Transmission Microwaves are electromagnetic waves having frequencies range from 0.3 to 300 GHz. Microwaves are Microwaves have a higher frequency than that of radiowaves.
Microwave is one of the fastest media for data transmission over communication channel. They can be aimed at a single direction instead of broadcasting in all direction. Microwave antenna placed on the top of buildings. It consists series of stations approx 30 miles apart. It is used in cellular network and television broadcasting.
Infrared Wave Transmission Infrared waves are the high frequency waves used for short-range communication. These waves do not pass through the solid-objects. They are mainly used in TV remote, wireless speakers.
Satellite Communication The communication across longer distances can be provided by combining radio frequency transmission with satellites. It works over a long distance and fast communication. Satellite communication amplifies signal received from one Earth station and again, retransmits to another Earth station, which can be located many thousands of miles away. It is used for communication to ships, vehicles, planes and handheld terminals.

Computer Network
It is a collection of two or more computers, which are connected together to share information and resources. Computer network is a combination of hardware and software that allows communication between computers over a network.

Benefits of Networking
Some of the benefits of network are discussed below

File Sharing Networking of computer helps the users to share data files.
Hardware Sharing Users can share devices such as printers, scanners, CD-ROM drives, hard drives, etc.
Application Sharing Applications can be shared over the network and this allows implementation of client/server applications.
User Communication This allows users to communicate using E-mail, newsgroups, video conferencing within the network.

Types of Computer Network
Computer network is broadly classified into various types

Local Area Network (LAN)
LAN is a small and single-site network. It connects network devices over a relatively short distance. It is a system in which computers are interconnected and the geographical area such as home, office, buildings, school may be within a building to 1 km. On most LANs, cables are used to connect the computers. LANs are typically owned, controlled and managed by a single person or organisation. They also use certain specific connectivity technologies, primarily Ethernet and Token Ring. LAN provides a sharing of peripherals in an efficient or effective way.

Wide Area Network (WAN)
A WAN is a geographically dispersed collection of LANs. A WAN like the Internet spans most of the world. A network device called a router connects LANs to a WAN.
Like the Internet, most WANs are not owned by any one organisation, but rather exist under collective or distributed ownership and management. WANs use technology like ATM, Frame Relay and X.25 for connectivity.

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
It is a data network designed for a town or city. It connects an area larger than a LAN, but smaller than a WAN, such as a city, with dedicated or high performance hardware.
Its main purpose is to share hardware and software resources by the various users. Cable TV network is an example of metropolitan area network. The computers in a MAN are connected using co-axial cables or fibre optic cables.

Personal Area Network (PAN)
PAN refers to a small network of communication. These are used in a few limited range, which is in reachability of individual person. Few examples of PAN are Bluetooth, wireless USB, Z-wave and Zig Bee. ‘

Virtual Private Network (VPN)
VPN is a technology that is gaining popularity among large organisations that use the global Internet for both intra-and inter-organisation communications, but require privacy in their intra-organisation communication. VPN is a network that is private but virtual.
It is private because it guarantees privacy inside the organisation. It is virtual because it does not use real private WANs; the network is physically public but virtually private.

Network Devices
These devices are required to amplify the signal to restore the original strength of signal and to provide an interface to connect multiple computers in a network. There are many types of network devices used in networking.

Some of them are described below
Repeater
It is a device that operates only on the physical layer of OSI model. Repeaters have two ports and can connect two segments of a LAN. It amplifies the feeble signals when they are transported over a long distance so that the signal can be as strong as the original signal. A repeater boosts the signal back to its correct level.

Hub
It is like a repeater with multiple ports used to connect the network channels. It acts as a centralised connection to several computers with the central node or server. When a hub receives a packet of data at one of its ports from a network channel, it transmits the packet to all of its ports to all other network channel.

Gateway
It is an interconnecting device, which joins two different network protocols together. They are also known as protocol converters. It accepts packet formated for one protocol and converts the formated packet into another protocol.
The gateway is a node in a network which serves as a proxy server and a firewall system and prevents the unauthorised access. It holds the information from a Website temporarily, so that the repeated access to same Website or Web page could be directed to the proxy server instead of actual web server. Thus helps in reducing the traffic load.

Switch
It is a small hardware device that joins multiple computers together within one LAN. Switches work on the data link layer of the OSI model. It helps to reduce overall network traffic.
Switch forwards a data packet to a specific route by establishing a temporary connection between the source and the destination. There is a vast difference between a switch and a hub. A hub forwards each incoming packet (data) to all the hub ports, while a switch forwards each incoming packet to the specified recipient.

Router
It is a hardware device which is designed to take incoming packets, analyse the packets, moving and converting the packets to another network interface, dropping the packets, directing packets to the appropriate locations, etc.

Bridge
It serves a similar function as switches. A bridge filters data traffic at a network boundary. Bridges reduce the amount of traffic on a LAN by dividing it into two segments. Traditional bridges support one network boundary, whereas switches usually offer four or more hardware ports. Switches are sometimes called multiport bridges.

Modem
It is a device that converts digital signal to analog signal (modulator) at the sender’s site and converts back analog signal to digital signal (demodulator) at the receiver’s end, in order to make communication possible via telephone lines. A MODEM is always placed t weeen a telephone line and a computer.

Network Topology
The term ‘topology’ refers to the way a network is laid out, either physically or logically. Topology can be referred as the geometric arrangement of a computer system. Each computer system in a topology is known as node. Network topology is determined only by the configuration of connections between nodes. The most commonly used topology are described below

Bus Topology
It is such that there is a single line to which all nodes are connected. It is usually used when a network installation is small, simple or temporary. In bus topology, all the network components are connected with a same (single) line. Ethernet is commonly well protocol in networks connected by bus topology.
Advantages

All the nodes are connected directly, so very short cable length is required.
The architecture is very simple and linear.
Bus topology can be extended easily on either sides.

Disadvantages

In case of any fault in data transmission, fault isolation is very difficult. We have to check the entire network to find the fault.
Becomes slow with increase in number of nodes.
The entire network shuts down if there is an error occurs in the main cable.

Star Topology
In this network topology, the peripheral nodes are connected to a central node, which rebroadcasts all transmissions received from any peripheral node to all peripheral nodes across the network, including the originating node. A star network can be expanded by placing another star hub.
The protocols used in star topology are Ethernet, Token Ring and Local Talk.
Advantages

Installation of star topology is very easy as all the nodes are directly connected to the central node or server.
Easy to detect faults and remove it.
Failure of single system will not bring down the entire network.

Disadvantages

Requires more cable length than bus topology.
If hub or server fails, the entire network will be disabled.
Difficult to expand, as the new node has to connect all the way to central node.

Ring or Circular Topology
This topology is used in high-performance networks where large bandwidth is necessary.
The protocols used to implement ring topology are Token Ring and Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI). In ring topology, data is transmitted in form of Token over a network. After passing through each node, the data returns to the sending node.
Advantages

Short cable length is required.
Suitable for optical fibre as the data flow in one direction.
It is less costly than star topology.

Disadvantages

Fault diagnosis is very difficult in a network formed using ring topology.
Failure of single computer affects the whole network.
Adding or removing the computers disturbs whole network activity.

Mesh Topology
It is also known as completely interconnected topology. In mesh topology, every node has a dedicated point-to-point link to every other node.
It provides a bi-directional link between each possible node. This type of network topology contains atleast two nodes with two or more paths between them. Mesh topology is robust because the failure of any one computer does not bring down the entire network.
Advantages

Excellent for long distance networking.
Communication possible through the alternate route, if one path is busy.
Its performance is not affected with heavy load of data transmission.

Disadvantages

Long wire/cable length, hence increase in the cost of installation and maintenance.
The hardware required to connect each link is expensive.

Tree Topology
This is a network topology in which nodes are arranged as a tree. The function of the central node in this topology may be distributed. A tree topology is an extension and variation of star topology. Its basic structure is like an inverted tree, where the root acts as a server. It allows more devices to be attached to a single hub.
Advantages

The tree topology simulates hierarchical flow of data. So, it is suitable for applications where hierarchical flow of data and control is required.
We can easily extend the network.
If one segment is damaged, other segments are not affected.

Disadvantages

Long cables are required.
There are dependencies on the root node.
If the central hub fails, the entire system breaks down.

Models of Computer Networking
There are mainly two models of computer networking

Peer-to-Peer Network
It is also known as P2P network. This computer network relies on computing power at the edges of a connection rather than in the network itself. It is used for sharing content like audio, video, data or anything in digital format. In P2P connection, a couple of computers is connected via a Universal Serial Bus (USB) to transfer files.
In peer-to-peer networking, each or every computer may be worked as server or client.

Client-Server Network
The model of interaction between two application programs in which a program at one end (client) requests a service from a program at the other end (server).
It is a network architecture which separates the client from the server. It is scalable architecture, where one computer works as server and others as client. Here, client acts as the active device and server behaves as passively.

OSI Model
Open System Interconnection (OSI) is a standard reference model for communication between two end users in a network. In 1983, the International Standards Organisation (ISO) published a document called Basic Reference Model for Open System Interconnection, which visualises network protocols as a seven layered model.
OSI is a layered framework for the design of network system that allows communication between all types of computer system. It is mainly consists of seven layers across a network as shown in table.
Seven Layers of OSI Model and their Functions

In OSI model, physical layer is the lowest layer which is implemented on both hardware and software and application layer is the highest layer.

Terms Related to Network

Multiplexing It is a technique used for transmitting signals simultaneously over a common medium. It involves single path and multiple channels for data communication.
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) It is a channel access method used by various radio communication technologies. CDMA employs spread spectrum technology and a special coding scheme, where each transmitter is assigned a code to allow multiple users to be multiplexed over the same physical channel.
Packet Switching It refers to method of digital networking communication that combined all transmitted data regardless of content, type or structure into suitable sized blocks, known as packets. Each packet has header information about the source, destination, packet numbering, etc.
Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) It is designed for telephone, which requires modem for data communication. It is used for FAX machine also.
Integrated Services Digital fretwork (ISDN) It is used for voice, video and data services. It uses digital transmission and combines both circuit and packet switching.
Ethernet It is a widely used technology employing a bus technology. An ethernet LAN consists of a single co-axial cable called Ether. It operates at 10 Mbps and provides a 48-bits address. Fast ethernet operates at 100 Mbps.

QUESTION BANK

1. To send data/message to and from computers the network software puts the message information in a

NIC
packet
trailer
header
None of these

2. Geometric arrangement of devices on the network is called

topology
protocols
media
LAN
None of these

3. LAN can use ………. architecture.

peer-to-peer
client and server
Both ‘1’ and ‘2’
Neither ‘1’ nor ‘2’
None of these

4. Wi-Fi uses

optical fibre
phase line
radiowaves
sound-waves
None of these

5. ………. is the transmission of data between two or more computers over communication links.

Communication
Networking
Data communication
Data networking
Information networking

6. Communication channel having ………… types.

1
2
3
4
None of these

7. In simplex channel, flow of data is

always in one direction
always in both direction
in both direction, but one at a time
All of the above
None of the above

8. A packet filtering firewall operates at which of the following OSI layers?

At the application layer
At the transport layer
At the network layer
At the gateway layer
Both ‘2’ and ‘3’

9. Which of the following refers to a small, single-site network?

10. Which of the following topologies is not of broadcast type?

Star
Bus
Ring
All of these
None of these

11. ……. allows LAN users to share computer programs and data.

Communication server
Print server
File server
All of the above
None of the above

12. Ethernet uses

bus topology
ring topology
mesh topology
All of these
None of these

13. In a ring topology, the computer in possession of the………. can transmit data.

packet
data
access method
token
None of these

14. Network components are connected to the same cable in the ……….. topology.

star
ring
bus
mesh
tree

15. Two or more computers connected to each other for sharing information form

network
router
server
tunnel
pipeline

16. A device operating at the physical layer is called a

bridge
router
repeater
All of these
None of these

17. A protocol is a set of rules governing a time sequence of events that must take place

between peers
between an interface
between modems
across an interface
None of these

18. An inter-company network which used to distribute information, documents files and database, is called as

LAN
Switch
WAN
MAN
None of these

19. Which of the following is not a network device?

Router
Switch
Bus
Bridge
None of these

20. What is the use of bridge in network?

To connect LANs
To separate LANs
To control network speed
All of these
None of these

21. The first network that has planted the seeds of Internet was

ARPANET
NSFnet
V-net
I-net
None of these

22. Networking using fibre optic cable is done as

it has high bandwidth
it is thin and light
it is not affected by electromagnetic
All of the above
None of the above

23. What is the function of a modem?

Encryption and decryption
Converts data to voice
Converts analog signals to digitals and vice-versa
Serve as a hardware anti virus
None of the above

24. Which of the following is the fastest communication channel?

Radiowave
Micro wave
Optical fibre
All are operating at nearly the same propagation speed
None of the above

25. Which of the following is an advantage to using fibre optics data transmission?

Resistance to data theft
Fast data transmission rate
Low noise level
All of the above
None of the above

26. Encryption and decryption are the functions of

transport layer
session layer
presentai ion layer
All of these
None of these

27. The……… enables your computer to connect to other computer.

Video card
Sound card
Network Interface Card (NIC)
Controller card
None of the above

28. Switches work on which OSI layer?

Data link layer
Physical layer
Transport layer
Network layer
Application layer

29. A(n) ………. area is a small group of computers and peripherals linked together in a small geographic area.

MAN
PAN
CAN
LAN
None of these

30. Which of the following is called small single site network?

LAN
DSL
RAM
USB
None of these

31. Which of the following is used for modulation and demodulation?

Modem
Protocols
Gateway
Multiplexer
None of these

32. In twisted pair, wires are twisted together, which are surrounded by an insulating material and an outer layer called

frame
cover
disk
block
jacket

33. These servers store and manage files for network users.

Authentication
Main
Web
File
None of these

34. Which of the following is the greatest advantage of co-axial cabling?

High security
Physical dimensions
Long distances
Easily tapped
All of the above

35. Which of the following is not a property of twisted-pair cabling?

Twisted-pair cabling is a relatively low- speed transmission
The wires can be shielded
The wires can be unshielded
Twisted-pair cable carries signals as light waves
All of the above

36. Servers are those computers which provide resources to other computers connected by [SBI Clerk 2009]

network
mainframe
super computer
client
None of these

37. What type of resource is most likely to be a shared common resource in a computer network? [Allahabad Bank Clerk 2010]

Printers
Speakers
Floppy disk drives
Keyboards
None of these

38. Which of the following is considered a broad band communication channel? [SBI PO 2010]

Co-axial cable
Fibre optic cable
Microwave circuits
All of the above
None of the above

39. Hub is associated with ………… [SBI Clerk 2011]

bus
ring
star
mesh
All of these

40. Multiplexing involves………. path and ………….. channel. [SBI Clerk 2011]

one, one
one, multiple
multiple, one
multiple, multiple
None of these

41. How many bits are there in the ethernet address? [SBI Clerk 2011]

64 bits
48 bits
32 bits
16 bits
None of these

42. How many layers are in the TCP/IP model? [SBI Clerk 2011]

4 layers
5 layers
6 layers
7 layers
None of these

43. The advantage of LAN is [SBI Clerk 2012]

sharing peripherals
backing up your data
saving all your data
accessing the Web
automatic printing of data

44. A combination of hardware and software that allows communication and electronic transfer of information between computers is a [SBI Clerk 2012]

network
backup system
server
peripheral
modem

45. A device that connects to a network without the use of cables is said to be [IBPS Clerk 2012, RBI Grade B 2012]

distributed
cabled
centralised
open source
wireless

46. P2P is a ……….. application architecture.[IBPS Clerk 2012]

client/server
distributed
centralised
1-tier
None of these

47. Which of the following represents the fastest data transmission speed? [SBI Clerk 2012]

Bandwidth
bps
gbps
kbps
mbps

48. In OSI network architecture, the routing is performed by [IBPS Clerk 2012]

network layer
data link layer
transport layer
session layer
None of these

49. A processor that collects the transmissions from several communication media and send them over a single line that operates at a higher capacity is called [RBI Grade B 2013]

multiplexer
bridge
hub
router
None of these

50. Which of the following items is not used in Local Area Networks (LANs)? [SSC CGL 2012]

Interface card
Cable
Computer
Modem

51. Which is the name of the network topology in which there are bi-directional links between each possible node? [SSC CGL 2012]

Ring
Star
Tree
Mesh

52. An alternate name for the completely interconnected network topology is [SSC CGL 2012]

mesh
star
tree
ring

53. ……….. is the most important/powerful computer in a typical network. [SBI PO 2013]

Desktop
Network client
Network server
Network station
Network switch

54. What is the function of a modem? [RBI Grade B 2012]

Encryption and decryption
Converts data to voice and vice- versa
Converts analog signals to digitals and vice-versa
Serve as a hardware anti virus
None of the above

55. Networking using fibre optic cable is done as [RBI Grade B 2012]

it has high band width
it is thin and light
it is not affected by electro-magnetic interference/power surges etc
All of the above
None of the above

56. Bandwidth refers to [RBI Grade B 2013]

the cost of the cable required to implement a WAN
the cost of the cable required to implement a LAN
the amount of information a peer-to-peer network can store
the amount of information a communications medium can transfer in a given amount of time.
None of the above

57. Computer connected to a LAN can ………… [IBPS Clerk 2013]

run faster
share information and/or share peripheral equipment
go online
E-mail
None of the above

58. A USB communication device that supports duty encryption for scare wireless loss communication for notebook users is called [IBPS Clerk 2013]

wireless switch
router
wireless hub
USB wireless is not work adaptor
None of the above

59. Which of the following terms is associated with networks? [SBI Clerk 2014]

MS-Excel
Mouse
Word
Connectivity
Plotter

60. Which of the following cables can transmit data at high speeds? [IBPS Clerk 2014]

Flat cables
Co-axial cable
Optic fibre cable
Twisted pair cable
UTP cable

61. The hardware device or software program that sends messages between network is known as a [IBPS Clerk 2014]

bridge
backbone
router
gateway
Other than those given as options

62. Name the fourth layer of OSI model [SBI PO 2014]

Application layer
Data link layer
Transport layer
Session layer
None of these

63. The ground station in VSAT communication is [RBI Grade B 2014]

HTTP
multiplexer
hub
repeater
None of these

64. Ethernet, token ring and token bus are types of [SBI Associates 2012, RBI Grade B 2014]

WAN
LAN
communication channels
physical media
None of the above

65. Pathways that support communication among the various electronic components on the system board are called [SBI PO 2014]

network lines
processors
logic Paths
bus lines
gateway

66. A(n)……… is composed of several computers connected together to share resources and data. [RBI Grade B 2014]

Internet
Network
Backbone
Hyperlink
Protocol

67. What do we call for the arrangement when two or more computers physically connected by cables to share information or hardware? [SBI Clerk 2015]

URL
Network
Server
Internet
Modem

68. What is the name of the derive that links your computer with other computers and information services through telephone lines? [SBI Clerk 2015]

Modem
LAN
URL
WAN
Server

69. What do we call a network whose elements may be separated by some distance? It usually involves two or more network and dedicated high speed telephone lines. [SBI Clerk 2015]

LAN
WAN
URL
Server
World Wide Web

70. Which type of network would use phone lines? [SBI Clerk 2012, IBPS Clerk 2015]

WAN
LAN
WWAN
Wireless
None of the above

71. There is a network that can connect networks ranging from small location or area to a bigger range including public packet network and large corporate networks. That network’s enterprise allows users to share access to applications, services and other centrally located resources. Its ability for a huge geographical access has transformed networking. Which among the following is that network? [IBPS PO 2016]

ANSWERS