Computer Awareness Study Material – Database Concepts

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A database is a collection of logically related information in an organised way so that it can be easily accessed, managed and updated. Some other operations can also be performed on database such as adding, updating and deleting data. A database could be simple as a single text file with a list of names or it could be complex as a large bunch of text files including some data.

Fundamentals of Database
For defining database, two terms, which are used frequently with database, should be known.

1. Data These are raw and unorganised facts that need to be processed such as digital representation of text, numbers, graphical images or sound, e.g. a student’s test score is one piece of data.
2. Information When data is processed, organised, structured or presented in a given context to make it useful or meaningful, it is called information, e.g. the class’s average score is the information that can be concluded from the given data.

Types of Database
Databases are of three types, namely as follows

1. Network Database In this type of database, data is represented as collection of records and relationships among data are represented as links.
2. Hierarchical Database In this type of database, data is organised in the form of tree with nodes. Nodes are connected via
3. Relational Database This database is also known as structured database in which data is stored in the form of tables. Where, columns define the type of data stored in the table and rows define the information about the data.

Components of a Database
A database consists of several different components. Each component listed, is called an object. Within the file, you can divide your data into separate storage containers called tables view, add and update table data by using online forms; find and retrieve the data that you want by using queries and analyse or print data in a specific layout by using reports.
Database components are described below

1. Tables These are the building blocks or relation of any relational database model where all the actual data is defined and entered. Different types of operation are done on the tables such as storing, filtering, retrieving and editing of data. Tables consist of cells at the intersection of records (rows) and fields (columns), which are describe below
   1. Field It is an area (within the record) reserved for a specific piece of data. e.g. customer number, customer name, street address, city, state, phone number, current address, etc. Field of a table is also known as column.
   2. Record It is the collection of data items of all the fields pertaining to one entity, i.e. a person, company, transition, etc. Record of a table is also known as row or a tuple and the number of records in a relation is called the cardinality of that relation.
2. Queries These are basically questions based on the data available in a database. A query consists of specifications indicating which fields, records, and summaries a user wants to fetch from a database. Queries allow you to extract data based on the criteria that you define.
3. Forms Although you can enter and modify data in datasheet view of tables but you neither control the user’s action very well nor you can do much to facilitate the data-entry process. To overcome this problem, forms are introduced. Like tables, forms can be used to view and edit your data. However, forms are typically used to view the data in an underlying table one record at a time. e.g. a user can create a data entry form that looks exactly like a paper form. People generally prefer to enter data into a well-designed form, rather than a table.
4. Reports When you want to print those records which are fetched from your database, design a report. Access even has a wizard to help produce mailing labels.

Database Management System (DBMS)
A DBMS is a collection of interrelated data and a set of programs to retrieve data from a database. It is an organised collection of data viewed as a whole, instead of a group of separate unrelated files.
The primary goal of DBMS is to provide an environment that is both convenient and efficient for user to store and retrieve database information, e.g. MySQL, Oracle, FoxPro, dBASE, SyBase MS-Access. The purpose of database management system is to bridge the gap between information and data.
The basic processes that are supported by DBMS are as follows

1. Specification of data types, structures and constraints to be considered in an application.
2. Storing the data.
3. Manipulation of the database.
4. Querying the database to retrieve desired information.
5. Updating the content of the database.

Architecture of DBMS
The architecture of DBMS is divided into three levels are as follows

1. Internal Level It is the lowest level of data abstraction that deals with the physical representation of the database on the computer. It is also known as physical level.
   It defines how the data are actually stored and organised on the storage medium.
   
2. Conceptual Level It is the overall view of the database and includes all the information that is going to be represented in the database.
   It describes what type of data is stored in the database, the relationship among the data without effecting to the physical level. It is also known as logical level.
3. External Level This is the highest level of data abstraction which describes the interaction between the user and the system. It permits the users to access data in a way that is customised according to their needs, so that the same data can be seen by different users in different ways, at the same time. It is also known as view level.

Advantages of DBMS
There are following advantages of DBMS

1. Reduction in Data Redundancy The duplication of data refers to data redundancy. DBMS cannot make separate copies of the same data. All the data is kept at a place and different applications refer to data from centrally controlled system.
2. Better Interaction with Users In DBMS, the availability of upto-date information improves the data to be access or respond as per user requests.
3. Improvement in Data Security DBMS can allow the means of access to the database through the authorised channels. To ensure security, DBMS provides security tools, i.e. username and password.
4. Maintenance of Data Integrity Data integrity ensures that the data of database is accurate. In DBMS, data is centralised and used by many users at a time, it is essential to enforce integrity controls.
5. Ease of Application Development The application programmer needs to develop the application programs according to the user’s need. The other issues like concurrent access, security, data integrity, etc, are handled by database itself. This makes the application development an easier task.
6. Backup and Recovery The DBMS provides backup and recovery subsystem that is responsible to recover data from hardware and software failures.

Disadvantages of DBMS
As there are many advantages, DBMS also have some minor disadvantages.
These disadvantages are listed here

1. Cost of Hardware and Software A processor with high speed of data processing and memory of large size is required to run the DBMS software. It means that you have to upgrade the hardware used for file based system. Similarly database software is also very costly.
2. Complexity The provision of the functionality that is expected from a good DBMS makes the DBMS an extremely complex piece of software.
   Failure to understand the system can lead to bad design decisions, which can have serious consequences for an organisation.
3. Cost of Staff Training Mostly DBMS are often complex systems so the training for user to use the database is required. The organisation has to pay a lot of amount for the training of staff to run the DBMS.
4. Appointing Technical Staff The trained technical persons such as database administrator, application programmers, etc are required to handle the database. You have to pay a lot of amount to these persons. Therefore, the system cost increases.
5. Database Failure In most of the organisations, all data is integrated into a single database. If database is corrupted due to power failure or it is corrupted on the storage media, then our valuable data may be lost or whole system stops.

Applications of DBMS
Some applications of DBMS are as follows

1. Banking For customer information, accounts, loans and other banking transactions.
2. Reservation For reservation and schedule information.
3. Universities For student information, course registration, grades, etc.
4. Credit Card Transaction For purchase of credit cards and generation of monthly statements.
5. Telecommunication For keeping records of calls made, generating monthly bill, etc.
6. Finance For storing information about holdings, sales and purchase of financial statements.
7. Sales For customer, product and purchase information.

Relational Database
In a relational database, data is stored in different tables with relationships to each other. These tables communicate and share information, which facilitates data search ability, organisation and reporting. In the case of relational database, a Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) performs these tasks. An important feature of this database system is that a single database can be spread across several tables, e.g. Base, Oracle, DB2, SAP SyBase, Informix, etc.

Terms Related to Database
Various terms related to relational database are as follows

1. Relation It is a table with columns and rows which represent is the data items and relationships among them. Relation have three important properties a name, cardinality and a degree.
   These properties help us to further define and describe relations
   1. Name The first property of a relation is its name, which is represented by the tide or the entity identifier.
   2. Cardinality The second property of a relation is its cardinality, which refers to the number of tuples (rows) in a relation.
   3. Degree The third property of a relation is its degree, which refers to the number of attributes (columns) in each tuple.
2. Domain It is a collection of all possible values from which the values for a given column or an attribute is drawn. A domain is said to be atomic if elements are considered to be indivisible units.
3. Attributes The heading columns of a table are known as attributes. Each attribute of a table has a distinct name.
4. Tuples The rows in a relation are also known as tuples. Each row or tuple has a set of permitted values for each attribute.

Keys
Key is one of the important concepts of database. A key is defined as the column or S£t of columns in a table that is used to identify either row of data in a table or establish relationship with another table.
It is also referred as super key, arranging the records either in ascending or descending order.
If a table has id, name and address as the column names then each one is known as the key for that table. The keys are also used to uniquely identify each record in the database table.

Types of Keys
There are mainly four types of keys which are described below

1. Primary Key It is a set of one or more attributes that can uniquely identify tuples within the relation. It identifies unique records within a table. The primary key should be chosen in such a way, i.e. its value must not be changed. There should not be duplicacy in the record of primary key. Primary key can be atomic or composite. The field chosen as primary key, cannot accept null value.
2. Candidate Key The set of all attributes which can uniquely identify each tuple of a relation, are known as candidate keys. Each table may have one or more candidate keys and one of them will become the primary key. The candidate key of a relation is always a minimal key.
3. Alternate Key From the set of candidate keys after selecting one of the keys as primary key, all other remaining keys are known as alternate keys.
4. Foreign Key It is a non-key attribute whose value is derived from the primary key of the same or some another table. The relationship between two tables is established with the help of foreign key.
   A table may have multiple foreign keys and each foreign key can have a different referenced table. Foreign keys play an essential role in database design, when tables are broken apart then foreign keys make it possible for them to be reconstructed.

Database Languages
There are various types of database languages

1. Data Definition Language (DDL) DDL is used to define structure of your tables and other objects in database. In DBMS, it is used to specify a database schema as a set of definitions.
2. Data Manipulation Language (DML) DML provides various commands used to access and manipulate data in existing database. This manipulation involves inserting data into data base tables, retrieving existing data, deleting data from existing tables and modifying existing data.
3. Data Control Language (DCL) DCL commands are used to assign security levels in database which involves multiple user setups. They are used to grant defined role and access privilages to the users.

Entity- Relationship Model (E-R Model)
It represents the entities contained in the database. It is a diagrammatically representation of entities and relationship between them. It is also known as E-R diagram. Some terms related to E-R model are described ahead

Entity
It is an object that has its existence in the real world. It includes all those things about which the data are collected. “Entities are represented in rectangles.” e.g. customer buys goods, it means customer and goods are entities. ‘

Attributes
It describes the characteristics or properties of entity. In tables, attributes are represented by columns. Attributes are drawn in elliptical shapes, e.g. ITEM entity may contain code and price.

Entity Set
It is a set of entities of the same type that share that same properties or attributes, e.g. Students  is an entity set of all student entities in the database.
Entity set is of two types as follow

• Strong entity set It has a primary key or can be easily distinguishable each attributes.
• Weak entity set It does not posses sufficient attributes to form a primary key.

Relationship
It is an association among several entities. A relationship describes how two or more entities are related to each other. It is represented by diamond shape.

Relationship can be divided into three parts

• One to one
• Many to one
• One to many

QUESTION BANK

1. Devices that could be used to input data into a database are

1. keyboard, fax roller ball
2. mouse, keyboard, monitor
3. mouse, keyboard, touch screen
4. All of the above
5. None of the above

2. DBMS is comprised of tables that made up of rows called…… and columns called

1. fields, records
2. records, fields
3. address, fields
4. ranges, sheet
5. records, ranges

3. A database that contains tables linked by common fields is called a

1. centralised database
2. flat file database
3. relational database
4. All of these
5. None of these

4. Which of the following places the common data elements in order from smallest to largest?

1. Character, File, Record, Field, Database
2. Character, Record, Field, File, Database
3. Character, Field, Record, File, Database
4. Bit, Byte, Character, Record, Field, File, Database
5. None of the above

5. The primary key must be

1. numeric
2. unique
3. multiple
4. related
5. object

6. Periodically adding, changing and deleting file records is called…… file.

1. updating
2. upgrading
3. restructuring
4. renewing
5. None of these

7. Items such as names and addresses are considered as

1. input
2. data
3. output
4. records
5. information

8. Which of the following objects is/are contained in database?

1. Table
2. Query
3. Form
4. All of these
5. None of these

9. A ……… is a collection of data that is stored electronically as a series of records in a table.

1. spreadsheet
2. presentation
3. database
4. Web page
5. None of the above

10. In files, there is a key associated with each record which is used to differentiate among different records. For every file, there is atleast one set of keys that is unique. Such a

1. key is called
2. unique key
3. prime attribute
4. index key
5. primary key
6. null key

11. Rows of a relation are called

1. relation
2. tuples
3. data structure
4. an entity
5. None of these

12. Which of the following types of table constraints will prevent the entry of duplicate rows?

1. Primary key
2. Unique
3. Null
4. Foreign key
5. None of these

13. The dBASE HI Plus is mostly used for

1. office automation
2. database management problems
3. scientific problems
4. calculations only
5. None of the above

14. Which out of the following is not a DBMS software?

1. dBASE
2. FoxPro
3. Oracle
4. SyBase
5. Database 2000

15. The primary key must be a(n) ……….

1. numeric
2. object
3. unique
4. related
5. None of these

16. Architecture of database can be viewed as

1. two levels
2. four levels
3. three levels
4. one level
5. None of these

17. In an ER diagram, attributes are represented by

1. rectangle
2. square
3. ellipse
4. triangle
5. circle

18. In case of entity integrity, the primary key’ maybe

1. not null
2. null
3. Both ‘1’ and ‘2’
4. any value
5. None of these

19. In an ER diagram, an entity set is represented by a

1. rectangle
2. ellipse
3. diamond box
4. circle
5. None of these

20. An advantage of the database management approach is

1. data is dependent on programs
2. data redundancy increases
3. data is integrated and can be accessed by multiple programs
4. All of the above
5. None of the above

21. DBMS helps to achieve

1. data independence
2. centralised control of data
3. selection of data
4. Both ‘1’ and ‘2’
5. None of the above

22. A set of possible data values is called

1. attribute
2. degree
3. tuple
4. domain
5. None of these

23. Which type of database, organised the data in the form of tree with nodes?

1. Network Database
2. Hierarchical Database
3. Relational Database
4. Multiple Database
5. None of these

24. The code that relational database management systems use to perform their database task is referred to as

1. QBE
2. SQL
3. OLAP
4. Sequel Server
5. None of these

25. In which the database can be restored up to the last consistent state after the system failure?

1. Backup
2. Recovery
3. Redundancy
4. Security
5. None of these

26. The cardinality property of a relation, refers to the

1. number of database
2. number of columns
3. number of rows
4. number of tables
5. None of these

27. The smallest unit of information about a record in a database is called a

1. cell
2. field
3. record
4. query
5. None of these

28. ………. means that the data contained in a  database is accurate and reliable.

1. Data redundancy
2. Data integrity
3. Data reliability
4. Data consistency
5. None of these

29. Which of the following contains information about a single ‘entity’ in the database like a person, place, event or thing?

1. Query
2. Form
3. Record
4. Table
5. None of these

30. A program that generally has more user-friendly interface than a DBMS is called a

1. front end
2. repository
3. back end
4. form
5. None of these

31. The database stores information in  [SBI PO 2010]

1. rows and columns
2. blocks
3. tracks and sectors
4. All of these
5. None of these

32. The database administrator’s function in an organisation is         [SBI PO 2010]

1. to be responsible for the technical aspects of managing the information contained in organisational databases
2. to be responsible for the executive level aspects of decision regarding the information management
3. to show the relationship among entity classes in a data warehouse
4. to define which data mining tools must be used to extract data
5. None of the above

33. Key to represent relationship between tables is called           [SBI Clerk 2010]

1. primary key
2. secondary key
3. foreign key
4. composite key
5. None of these

34. A collection of related files is called a [SBI PO 2011]

1. character
2. field
3. database
4. record
5. None of these

35. A logical schema [SBI PO 2011]

1. is the entire database
2. is a standard way of organising information into accessable part
3. describes how data is actually stored on disk
4. All of the above
5. None of the above

36. In the relational modes, cardinality is termed as            [IBPS Clerk 2011]

1. number of tuples
2. number of attributes
3. number of tables
4. number of constraints
5. None of the above

37. An E-R diagram is a graphic method of presenting                     [IBPS Clerk 2011]

1. primary keys and their relationships
2. primary keys and their relationships to instances
3. entity classes and their relationships
4. entity classes and their relationships to primary keys
5. None of the above

38. A computer checks the ……. of username and password for a match before granting access.             [SBI Clerk 2011]

1. Website
2. network
3. backup file
4. database
5. None of these

39. An entity set that does not have sufficient attributes to form a primary key, is a   [IBPS Clerk 2011]

1. strong entity set
2. weak entity set
3. simple entity set
4. primary entity set
5. None of the above

40. In a relational database, a data structure that organises the information about a single topic into rows and columns, is  [RBI PO 2011]

1. block
2. record
3. tuple
4. table
5. None of these

41. In ER diagram, relationship type is represented by                 [IBPS Clerk 2012]

1. ellipse
2. dashed ellipse
3. rectangle
4. diamond
5. None of these

42. To locate a data item for storage is [IBPS PO 2012]

1. field
2. feed
3. database
4. fetch
5. None of these

43. ……… are distinct items that don’t have much meaning to you in a given context.

1. Fields
2. Data
3. Queries
4. Properties
5. None of these

44. The particular field of a record that uniquely identifies each record is called the [SBI PO 2012]

1. key field
2. primary field
3. master field
4. order field
5. None of these

45. provides total solutions to reduce data redundancy, inconsistency, dependence and unauthorised access of data.     [IBPS Clerk 2012]

1. DBMS
2. Tables
3. Database
4. Protection password
5. Centralisation of data

46. ………… is one reason for problems of data integrity.        [IBPS Clerk 2012]

1. Data availability constraints
2. Data inconsistency
3. Security constraints
4. Unauthorised access of data
5. Data redundancy

47. E F Codd represented ……… rules that a database must obey if it has to be considered truly relational. [IBPS Clerk 2012]

1. 10
2. 8
3. 12
4. 6
5. 5

48. A collection of conceptual tools for describing data, relationships, semantics and constraints is referred to as [IBPS Clerk 2012]

1. ER model
2. database
3. data model
4. DBMS
5. None of these

49. What is the overall term for creating, editing, formatting, storing, retrieving a text document?          [IBPS PO 2012]

1. Word processing
2. Spreadsheet design
3. Web design
4. Database management
5. Presentation generation

50. When data changes in multiple lists and all lists are not updated. This causes. [RBI Grade B 2012]

1. Data redundancy
2. Information overload
3. Duplicate data
4. Data consistency
5. Data inconsistency

51. A collection of interrelated records is called a                    [RBI Grade B 2012]

1. utility file
2. management information system
3. database
4. spreadsheet
5. datasheet

52. is a primary key of one file that also appears in another file. [IBPS Clerk 2013]

1. Physical key
2. Primary key
3. Foreign key
4. Logical key
5. None of these

53. is an invalid type of database key.   [IBPS Clerk 2013]

1. Structured primary key
2. Atomic primary key
3. Primary key
4. Composite primary key
5. None of the above

54. Which name is suitable to run a macro at starting time of database? [RBI Grade B 2014]

1. Start, exe
2. Auto.exec
3. Mocro.exe
4. Any of these
5. None of these

55. A field is a related group of

1. cables
2. records
3. files
4. characters
5. None of these

56. Oracle is a (n)

1. hardware
2. high level language
3. operating system
4. system software
5. RDBMS

57. …….. tags, placed on animal’s body can be used to record and track in a database all of the animal’s movements. [IBPS Clerk 2014]

1. POS
2. RFID
3. PPS
4. GPS
5. Other than those given as options

58. What is a stored question about information in a database? [SBI Clerk 2015]

1. Query
2. Sort
3. Report
4. Record
5. Field

59. Data duplication wastes the space, but also promotes a more serious problem called  [IBPS PO 2015]

1. isolated called
2. data inconsistency
3. other than those given as options
4. program dependency
5. separated data

60. The purpose of the primary key in a database is to            [IBPS Clerk 2015]

1. unlock the database
2. provide a map of the data
3. uniquely identify a record
4. establish constraints on database operations
5. None of the above

61. Which of the following contains data descriptions and defines the name, data type and length of each field in the database?[IBPS Clerk 2015]

1. Data dictionary
2. Data table
3. Data record
4. Data field
5. None of these

62. A range checks [IBPS Clerk 2015]

1. that only the correct data type is entered into a field
2. that all required data are present
3. whether a number is within a specified limit
4. if the data in two or more associated fields is logical
5. None of the above

63. Which of the following will not eliminate the ambiguities of a null value?  [IBPS Clerk 2015]

1. Define the attribute as required
2. Define subtypes
3. Define each attribute as having an initial value that is recognised as blank
4. Define super types
5. None of the above

64. Which of the following statements is true? [IBPS Clerk 2015]

1. Logical design is software dependent.
2. In a distributed database, database is stored in one physical location
3. Conceptual design translates the logical design info internal model.
4. Logical design is software independent.
5. None of the above

ANSWERS

Computer Awareness Study Material – Microsoft Office

Computer Awareness Study MaterialBanking AwarenessMarketing Aptitude

Microsoft Office was developed by Microsoft Inc in 1988. It is a collection of softwares, based on specific purpose and mainly used in office work. You can start any software of MS-Office by using the Start button.

There are five packages of MS-Office

1. MS-Word (Word Processing Software)
2. MS-Excel (Tabular Data Formatting Software)
3. MS-PowerPoint (Presentation Software)
4. MS-Access (Database Management Software)
5. MS-Outlook (E-mail Client)

Microsoft Word
MS-Word is a Word processing application which is one of the most important and widely used applications found on computer. Word processing software is mainly used to the creation of text based documents. It provides tools for composing, editing, formatting and printing of documents smaller than 45 Kb. The document can be a poster, report, letter, brochure, Web page, newsletter, etc. e.g. Wordstar, Easy Word, Notepad for Windows.

Start MS-Word
There are two methods of starting MS-Word which are as follows

• Click on Start button and type run on text box than click on Run after that Run dialog box will be appear on screen. Now type winword on text box and press Enter.
• Click Start button —> All Programs —> Microsoft Office —>Microsoft Office Word 2007.

It opens MS-Word with a blank document. By default, the name of the blank document is Documentl. docx, where .docx is the extension of a MS-Word file.

Components of Microsoft Word
The components of MS-Word are as follows

1. Title Bar It shows the name of the application and name of the file. It consists of three buttons, i.e.
   1. Minimize (reduces the window but Word still active)
   2. Restore (brings Word window to the maximum original size)
   3. Close (brings us out of Word)
2. Standard Tool Bar It displays the symbol for the common operation like Open, Print, Save, etc.
3. Ribbon It is a set of tools and commands across the top of the screen. It consists of a panel of commands which are organised into a set of tabs.
4. Tab On the ribbon, it contains the buttons needed to edit characters, text and layout.
   1. Home tab consists of Clipboard (Cut, Copy, Paste), Font (Size, Color, Bold, Italic/Underline), Paragraph (Bullets/ Numbering, Indent), Styles, Editing (Find and Replace).
   2. Insert tab consists of Pages (Cover Page, Blank Page, Page Break), Illustrations (Picture, ClipArt, Shapes, SmartArt, Chart), Links (Hyperlink), Header & Footer, Text (TextBox, Date & Time, Object).
   3. Page Layout tab consists of Themes, Page Setup, Page Background, Paragraph.
   4. Review tab consists of Spelling & Grammar, Thesaurus, Translate, Compare and Protect Document.
   5. View tab consists of Print Layout, Full Screen Reading, Macros, Split, etc.

   

5. Ruler It appears on the top of the document window. It allows to format the horizontal or vertical alignment of text in a document.
   There are two types of rulers
   1. Horizontal ruler indicates the width of the document and is used to set left and right margins.
   2. Vertical ruler indicates the height of the document and is used to set top and bottom margins.
6. Status Bar It displays the information such as page number, current page, current template, column number and line number, etc.
7. Work Area It is the rectangular area of the document window, you use to type the text. It is also called as Workplace.
8. Cursor It is also called insertion pointer. It denotes the place where text, graphics or any other item would be placed when you type, overwrite or insert them.

Features of Microsoft Word
MS-Word is the most popular Word processing application due to its user-friendly features as described below

1. Text Editing It provides tremendous flexibility in terms of editing, adding and deleting text, modification of text content, cut, copy and paste. When, we cut any text in our document, it will save in hard drive temporarily, till we paste it on any other place.
2. Format Text It offers to modify the text in any of the available hundreds of text designs, format text in various styles such as bold, italic, underline,
3. Indentation It denotes the distance text boundaries and page margins. It offers three types of indentation- positive, hanging and negative.
4. Page Orientation It facilitates selection of typed text printed or visible in horizontal view or vertical view on a specified size of the page. Word offers Portrait- vertically oriented and Landscape- horizontally oriented.
5. Find and Replace This feature allows flexibility and comfort to the user to replace a text with a substituted text at all places.
6. Spell Check This facilitates automatic and manual checking of spelling mistakes and also suggests a few possible alternate options for incorrect spelt words.
7. Thesaurus It contains a comprehensive dictionary and thesaurus feature offers synonym options for a word.
8. Bullets and Numbering A list of bullets and numbering features used for tables, lists, pages and tables of content. Bullets are arranged in unordered lists and numbering are arranged in ordered lists.
9. Mail-Merge Word provides a mail-merge of addresses of a large number of recipients with a common text document.
10. Graphics It provides the facility of incorporating drawings in the documents which enhances their usefulness.
11. Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) It is a program integration technology that is used to share information between programs through objects. Objects save entities like charts, equations, video clips, audio clips, pictures, etc.
12. Horizontal and Vertical Scroll Bars They enable one to move up and down or left and right across the window. The horizontal scroll bar is located above the status bar to back and forth the document. The vertical scroll-bar is located along the right side of the screen to move up and down the document.

Shortcut Keys of MS-Word and their Descriptions Standard Toolbar

Formatting Toolbar
Microsoft Excel
An electronic spreadsheet is used for analysing, sharing and managing information for accounting purpose performing mathematical calculations, budgeting, billing, etc. A spreadsheet is a matrix of rows and columns similar to an accounting ledger. The spreadsheet program also provides tools for creating graphs, inserting pictures and chart, analysing the data, etc. Microsoft Excel (MS-Excel), Corel Quattro Pro, Snowball, Lotus-1-2-3, Apple Numbers are some of the spreadsheet software.

Start MS-Excel
To start MS-Excel software, we can follow any one method out of them

• Click on Start button and type run on text box than click on Run after that Run dialog box will be appear on screen. Now type winword on text box and press Enter.
• Click Start button —> All Programs —> Microsoft Office —> Microsoft Office Excel 2007

Components of Microsoft Excel
The components of MS-Excel are as follows

1. Title Bar It shows the name of the application and name of the file. It consists of three buttons, i.e. minimize, maximize and close.
2. Ribbon It consists of a panel of commands which are organised into a set of tabs.
3. Tabs It contains the command such as Home, Insert, Page Layout, Formulas, Data, Review, View, etc as well as any additional command that you may need.Some commands are as follows
   1. Clipboard A clipboard group contains the Cut, Copy and paste
   2. Alignment It is used to change alignment of the text in the cells-vertical alignment, horizontal alignment, indentation, wrap the text, shrink it to fit within the cell and merge multiple cells.
   3. Table It is used to define a range of cell as a table for easy filtering and sorting and create a pivote table or chart to arrange and summarise the data.
   4. Function Library It contains a library of functions (e.g. mathematical, logical, trigonometric, etc), such as AND, IF, LOOKUP, AVG, DATE, etc.
   5. Macros It is used to define a sequence of actions to perform on a document or multiple documents that can be executed again and again.
4. Status Bar It displays information about the currently active worksheet. It includes page number, view shortcuts, zoom slider, etc.
5. Formula Bar It is located beneath the Ribbon. It is used to enter and edit worksheet data.
   It includes
   1. Name box displays the all reference or column and row location of the active cell.
   2. Functions are predefined formulas that perform calculations by using specific values, called arguments.

Predefined formulas in MS-Excel are called functions
There are different types of functions

Function	Description	Example
SUM	It is used to add all the  values provided as argument	= SUM (A1 : A5)
AVERAGE	This function calculates the average of all the values provided as argument	= AVERAGE (A1: A5)
COUNT	This function counts the number of cells that contain number	=COUNT (A1 : A5)
MAX	This function is used to return maximum value from a list of arguments	=MAX (A1 : A5)
MIN	This function is used to return minimum value from a list of arguments	= MIN (A1: A5)

Where A1 : A5 is a range between the cells of A1 and A5.

Basics of Spreadsheet
MS-Excel allows creation of spreadsheets.
The basic terms of spreadsheet are

1. A spreadsheet is a software tool that lets one enter, calculate, manipulate and analyse set of numbers.
2. The intersection of each row and column is called A cell is an individual container for data.
   It may hold
   1. Numbers (Constants)
   2. Formulas (Mathematical equations)
   3. Text (Labels)
3. An array of cells is called a sheet or A worksheet holds information presented in tabular format with text that labels the data.
4. A workbook is a document that contains one or more worksheet.
5. A row is given a number that identifies it, starts from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, … so on.
6. A column is given a letter that identifies it, starts from A… Z, AA… AZ,,BA, BB … BZ so on.
7. A cell pointer is a cell-boundary that specifies which cell is active at that moment.
8. A formula is an equation that calculates the value to be displayed. A formula must begin with equal to (=) sign.
9. A cell address is used to specified the intersecting of row and column of the letter and number on worksheet.

Charts
These are the graphical and pictorial representation of worksheet data. A chart consists of following components

• X-Axis is a horizontal axis known as category axis.
• Y-Axis is a vertical axis known as values axis.
• Data series is the set of values that you want to plot in the chart.

Types of Charts
There are various types of charts

• Area Chart It emphasises the magnitude of change over time.
• Column Chart It shows data changes over a period of time or illustrates comparisons among items.
• Bar Chart It illustrates comparisons among individual items. Categories are organised vertically and values horizontally.
• Line Chart It shows trends in data at equal intervals. It is useful for depicting the change in a value over period of time.
• Pie Chart It shows the proportional size of items that make up only one data series to the sum of the items.
• XY (Scatter) Chart It shows the relationships among the numeric values in several data series or plots two groups of numbers as series of XY coordinates.

Components of a Chart

• Chart Area This is the total region surrounding the chart.
• Plot Area The area where data is plotted. The plot area is bounded by axes in a 2D-Chart where as in 3D-Chart it is bounded by walls and floor.
• Chart Title The descriptive text aimed at helping user identify the chart.Axis Title These are the titles given to three axis, i.e. X, Y, Z.
• Data Series A row or column of numbers that are plotted in a chart is called a data series.
• Gridlines These are horizontal and vertical lines which inserted in the chart to enhance its readability.
• Legends It helps to identify various plotted data series.
• Data Label It provides additional information about a data marker.
• Data Table It is defined as a range of cells that are used for testing and analysing outcomes on a large scale.

Shortcut Keys of MS-Excel and their Descriptions

Shortcut Keys	Description
F2	Edit the selected cell.
F5	Go to a specific cell. e.g. C6
F7	Spell check selected text and/or document.
F11	Create chart.
Ctrl + Shift + ;	Enter the current time.
Ctrl + ;	Enter the current date.
Alt + Shift + FI	Insert new worksheet.
Shift + F3	Open the Excel formula window.
Shift + F5	Bring up search box.
Ctrl + A	Select all contents of the worksheet.
Ctrl + B	Bold highlighted selection.
Ctrl +1	Italic highlighted selection.

Shortcut Keys	Description
Ctrl + K	Insert link.
Ctrl + U	Underline highlighted selection.
Ctrl + P	Bring up the Print dialog box to begin printing.
Ctrl + Z	Undo last action.
Ctrl + F9	Minimise current workbook.
Ctrl + F10	Maximise currently selected workbook.
Ctrl + F6	Switch between open workbooks/ windows.
Ctrl + Page up	Move between Excel worksheets in the same Excel document.
Ctrl + Page down	Move between Excel worksheets in the same Excel document.

Ctrl + Tab	Move between two or more open Excel files.
Alt + =	Create a formula to sum all of the above cells.
Ctrl + ’	Insert the value of the above cell into cell currently selected.
Ctrl + Shift+!	Format number in comma format.
Ctrl + Shift + $	Format number in currency format.
Ctrl + Shift + #	Format number in date format.
Ctrl + Shift + %	Format number in percentage format.
Ctrl + Shift + @	Format number in time format.
Ctrl + Space	Select entire column.
Shift + Space	Select entire row.

Microsoft PowerPoint
The application software that can create professional looking visual aids is called presentation graphics software. The presentation software is used for creation of the slides and to display the information in the form of presentation of slides. A presentation software provides tools like editor that allows insertion and formatting of text and methods for inserting and manipulating graphics images along with sound and visuals effect.

Start MS-PowerPoint
To start the MS-PowerPoint software, we need to Click Start button —> All Programs —> Microsoft Office —>Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2007.

Components of PowerPoint
Various components of MS-PowerPoint 2007 window are described below

• Title Bar It contains the name of currently opened file followed by software name.
• Ribbon It is same as Word and Excel, just few tabs are different like Animations, Slide Show, etc.
• Slide It appears in the centre of the window. You can create your presentation by adding content to the slides.
• Slide Pane This area of PowerPoint window displays all the slides that are added in the presentation.
• Slides View Tab This tab displays a thumbnail view of all the slides.
• Outline View Tab This tab displays the text contained in the presentation in an outline format.
• Notes Section This can be used for creating notes.
• Status Bar It displays the number of the slide that is currently being displayed.

PowerPoint Views
Different types of views available in PowerPoint 2007 are explained below

• Normal View This is the main editing view, where you write and design your presentations, i.e. actual screen which is displayed.
• Slide Sorter View It provides a view of slides in thumbnail form. This view makes it easy to sort and organise the sequence of the slides at the time of creating presentation and also, at the time of preparing presentation for printing.
• Notes Page View In the Notes Page view, the notes pane is located just below the slide pane. Here, notes that apply to the current slide can be typed. Later, these notes can be printed and referred while giving actual presentation.
  Notes can also be printed to handout to the audience or included in a presentation that is delivered to the audience or posted on a Web page. When it is required to view and work with notes in full page format, on the view tab in the Presentation views group, click notes pay.
• Slide Show View This is used to deliver a presentation to the audience. Slide Show view takes up the full computer screen, like an actual presentation. In this view, you can see your presentation, the way audience wants. This view enables you to see how graphics, timings, movies, animated effects and transition effects will look during the actual presentation. To exit Slide Show view, press Esc key from the keyboard.
• Master View The Master views include Slide view, Handout view and Notes view. They are the main slides that store information about the presentation, including background color, fonts effects, placeholder sizes and positions.

Shortcut Keys of Microsoft PowerPoint and their Descriptions

Shortcut Keys	Description
F5	View the Slide Show.
Shift + Ctrl + Home	Selects all text from the cursor to the start of the active text box.
Shift + Ctrl + End	Selects all text from the cursor to the end of the active text box.
Spacebar or Click the mouse	Move to next slide or next animation.
S	Stop the show press S again to restart the show.
Esc	End the slide show.

Shortcut Keys	Description
Ctrl + A	Select all items on the page or the active text box.
Ctrl + B	Applies bold to the selected text.
Ctrl + D	Duplicates the selected object.
Ctrl + F	Opens the Find dialog box.
Ctrl + G	Opens the Grids and Guides dialog box.
Ctrl + H	Opens the Replace dialog box.
Ctrl +1	Applies Italics to the selected text.
Ctrl + M	Inserts a new slide.
Ctrl + N	Opens a new blank presentations.
Ctrl + O	Opens the open dialog box.
Ctrl + T	Opens the Font dialog box.
Ctrl + U	Applies underlining to the selected text.
Ctrl + V	Paste
Ctrl + W	Closes the presentation.
Ctrl + Y	Repeats the last command entered.

Home	Move cursor to beginning of current line of text.
End	Moves cursor to end of current line of text.
Ctrl + Home	Moves cursor in beginning of presentations.
Ctrl + End	Moves cursor to end of presentation.
Shift + Click	Select more than one slide-in a
each side	presentation.
Shift + F1	Help

Microsoft Access
A database is a collection of logically related and similar data. Database stores similar kind of data for a specific purpose that is organised in such a manner that any information can be derived from it, when needed. Microsoft Access is an application which allows the creating of databases. Microsoft Access is a Relational Database Management System (RDBMS). Access is a tool for managing the database. It allows you to design and create complete databases with quick and easy data entry, maintain them and search for information.

Start MS-Access
To start the MS-Access software, we need to Click Start button —> All Programs —> Microsoft Office —> Microsoft Office Access 2007.

Components of MS-Access
Within MS-Access there are four components

1. Table It stores the data in your database.
2. Queries get information from the data stored in the tables.
   There are five types of queries

   Query Type	Description
   Select query	Retrieves data from one or more tables and displays the recordset in a datasheet. This is the most common type of query.
   Parameter query	Prompts the user to enter values that define the query, such as a specified region for sales results or a specified price range for houses.
   Cross-tab query	Arranges a recordset to make it more easily visible, using both row headings and column headings.
   Action query	Creates a new table or changes an existing table.
   SQL query	An advanced query that is created by using an SQL statement.

3. Reports allow printing of data, based on queries or tables created by the user.
4. Forms make it easy to enter data in the tables. A form is an interface for adding and editing data.

MS-Access Templates
It is a complete tracking application with predefined tables, forms, reports, queries, macros and relationships. MS-Access includes a collection of database templates, which are described as

1. Assets It is used to create an assets database to keep track of assets, including assets details and owners.
2. Contacts It is used to create a contact database to manage information about people.
3. Events It is used to create an events database for tracking upcoming meeting, dealings, etc.
4. Faculty It is used to create a faculty database to keep track of information about contacts and education history.
5. Marketing Projects It is used to create a marketing projects database to track time- sensitive deliverable and venlor status for project.
6. Students It is used to create students database to keep information about your students including contacts, about their guardians.

Elements of MS-Access
In MS-Access, database holds five major elements for every database operation

1. Field Name It is a label provided for a field that specifies the type of information contained in a particular field.
2. Field Type/Data Type It specifies the type of data stored in the field such as textual data and numerical data or combination of both. The default size of data type is 50 in MS-Access.
   There are various data types as
   1. 
3. Field Length Field refers length or width to the maximum number of characters that a field can contain.
4. Primary Key A field which is used to uniquely identify the records in a table. The primary key cannot contain null value.
5. Validation Rule It is a condition that must be met before data is accepted into database.
6. MS-Access View You can create a table by two most popular ways
   1. Datasheet View It shows the data in the database and also allows you to enter and edit the data but not allow to change the database.
   2. Design View It allows you to create or change the table and also set the keys.
7. Filtering Data It enables to display only those records in a table that meet a specified filter criterion.
8. Relationship It is an association between access tables or queries that use related fields. It is a link between tables and enables us to accessed data from both tables simultaneously.
   Relationship can be divided in three catogories as One-to-One, One-to-Many and Many-to-Many
9. Attributes These can be defined as the characteristics of an entity to identify it uniquely. Such as student’s attributes are his Roll-No, Section, Name, etc.

Shortcut Keys of MS-Access and Their Descriptions
Working with Database Object

Shortcut Keys	Description
Ctrl + N	Create a new database.
Ctrl + O	Open an existing database.
Alt + N	Create a new database object.
Alt + O	Open database object.
Ctrl + S	Save a database object.
Ctrl + P	Print the current or selected object
Ctrl + C	Copy the selected object.
Ctrl + X	Cut the selected object.
Ctrl + V	Paste object.
Delete	Delete an object.

Working with Tables

Shortcut Keys	Description
Ctrl + Plus sign (+)	Add a new record.
Ctrl + semicolon(;)	Insert the current date.
Ctrl + Shift+Colon(:)	Insert the current time.
Ctrl + Alt + Spacebar	Insert the default value for a field.
Ctrl + Apostrophe(‘)	Insert the value from the same field in the previous record.
Ctrl + A	Select all records.
Ctrl + Minus sign (-)	Delete the current record.
Esc	Undo changes made to the current field.
Esc	Undo changes made to the current record.

Navigation in a Table

Shortcut Keys	Description
Tab	Next field
Shift + tab	Previous field
Page down	Next screen
Page up	Previous screen
Ctrl + T	First record
Ctrl +1	Last record
i	Next record
T	Previous record

Design View

Shortcut Keys	Description
Alt + D	Open a database object in design view.
Alt + Enter	Display a property sheet in design view
Alt + V + P	Open property sheet for the selected object in design view.

Common Task

Shortcut Keys	Description
Ctrl + B	Bold letters
Ctrl +1	Italicise letters
Ctrl + U	Underline letters
Ctrl + F	Find text
Ctrl + H	Replace text
F5	Refresh
F2	Rename
Ctrl + A	Select All
Ctrl + Y	Redo Last Action
Ctrl + Z	Undo Last Action
Ctrl + W	Close the active window
FI	Open Microsoft Access help
Ctrl + Shift + A	Sort selected data in ascending order
Ctrl + Shift + Z	Sort selected data in descending order
F7	Check spelling

Microsoft Outlook
It is an E-mail client and personal information manager that is available as a part of Microsoft Office suite. Windows mobile devices are the version of MS-Outlook, enables users to synch­ronise their E-mails data to their smartphones. MS-Outlook It can work with Microsoft exchange server and microsoft sharepoint server for multiple users in an organisation such as shared mailboxes, calendars, exchange public folders, sharepoint lists and meeting schedules.

QUESTION BANK

1. Microsoft Office was developed by ………… in …………..

1. Microsoft Inc, 1970s
2. Microsoft Inc, 1980s
3. Sun Microsoft, 1980s
4. Sun Microsoft Inc, 1970s
5. None of the above

2. Which of the following is a basic software of MS-Office?

1. MS-Word
2. MS-Excel
3. MS-PowerPoint
4. MS-Access
5. All of the above

3. MS-Word is an

1. tabular data formatting software
2. Word processing software
3. presentation software
4. E-mail client
5. database management system

4. The first bar of MS-Word is

1. menu bar
2. status bar
3. title bar
4. formatting toolbar
5. standard toolbar

5. Shortcut for displaying the full page as they are printed.

1. Ctrl + F1
2. Ctrl + F2
3. Shift + F1
4. Shift + F2
5. Alt + F2

6. Which bar is usually located below title bar that provides categorised options?

1. Menu bar
2. Status bar
3. Tool bar
4. Scroll bar
5. None of these

7. Which is the shortcut key to display Open dialog box?

1. F12
2. Shift + F12
3. Alt + F12
4. Ctrl + F12
5. None of these

8. Where you can find the horizontal split bar on MS-Word screen?

1. On the left of horizontal scroll bar
2. On the right of horizontal scroll bar
3. On the top of vertical scroll bar
4. On the bottom of vertical scroll bar
5. None of the above

9. To open a new file in MS-Word, the shortcut key is

1. Ctrl + X
2. Ctrl + N
3. Ctrl + Y
4. Ctrl + V
5. None of the above

10. Which extension is given to Word document by default?

1. .exe
2. .com
3. .doc
4. All of these
5. None of these

11. You can start Microsoft Word by using which button?                                             ‘

1. New
2. Start
3. Program
4. All of these
5. None of these

12. Which of the following is not an option of Edit menu?

1. Cut
2. Copy
3. Paste
4. Page Setup
5. None of these

13. When you start MS-Word, the opening document has the name as

1. DOC 1
2. Document 1
3. Document
4. Workbook
5. Taskbook

14. After selecting the ‘Replace’ option from the Edit menu, the following dialog box will be appears.

1. Replace
2. Find
3. Find and replace
4. Edit
5. None of these

15. Blinking point which shows your position in the text is called?

1. cursor
2. blinker
3. position
4. states
5. place

16. Microsoft Office Word is a(n)

1. area in the computer’s main memory in which Microsoft Office text files are stored temporarily
2. program included with Windows 2000 that can be used only to create or edit text files, smaller than 64k, that do not require formatting
3. classified password that prevents unauthorised users from accessing a protected Microsoft Office item or document
4. full featured Word processing program that can be used to create and revise professional looking documents easily
5. None of the above

17. In MS-Word, the default alignment for paragraph is

1. left aligned
2. centered
3. right aligned
4. justified
5. None of these

18. Which of the following is not available on the ruler of MS-Word screen?

1. Left indent
2. Right indent
3. Centre indent
4. All of these
5. None of these

19. To save an existing document with a different file name, click

1. save button on the standard toolbar
2. save on the file menu
3. save as button on the standard toolbar
4. Save As on the file menu
5. None of the above

20. To increase the line spacing, use the shortcut keys.

1. Ctrl + L
2. Ctrl + E
3. Ctrl + I
4. Ctrl + M
5. Ctrl + S

21. Word has a list of predefined typing, spelling, capitalisation and grammar errors that  can defect and correct.

1. autoentry
2. autocorrect
3. autoadd
4. autospell
5. autoword

22. Which of the following is not a font style?

1. Bold
2. Italic
3. Regular
4. Super script
5. Bold-Italic

23. Portrait and landscape are

1. page orientation
2. paper size
3. page layout
4. page margin
5. page gap

24. Which of the following should be used to move a paragraph from one place to another in a Word document?

1. Copy and paste
2. Cut and paste
3. Delete and retype
4. Find and replace
5. None of these

25. To move the text from its original position to another position without deleting it is called

1. scrolling
2. searching
3. moving
4. copying
5. halting

26. Which of the following displays the buttons for changing text style, alignment and size?

1. Standard toolbar
2. Status bar
3. Drawing toolbar
4. Formatting toolbar
5. None of these

27. Where header appears?

1. Top
2. Bottom
3. Centre
4. All of these
5. None of these

28. Most of the editing tools are available under which menu?

1. File
2. Format
3. Edit
4. All of these
5. None of these

29. For printing a document you have to put on

1. Printer
2. Monitor
3. Scanner
4. All of these
5. None of these

30. To move to the beginning of a line of text, press the ………. key.

1. Page up
2. a
3. Home
4. Enter
5. None of these

31. A program which helps to create written documents and lets you go back and make corrections as necessary.

1. Spreadsheet
2. Personal writer
3. Word printer
4. Word processor
5. None of these

32. When computer users ………. a document, they change its appearance.

1. Edit
2. Create
3. Save
4. Format
5. None of these

33. Shortcut to create new directory, is

1. Ctrl + F
2. Ctrl + W
3. Ctrl + Shift + F
4. Ctrl + Shift + H
5. Ctrl + Shift + N

34. In Word, the Replace option is available on

1. File menu
2. Edit menu
3. Insert menu
4. View menu
5. Format menu

35. When working in the page break preview, you can

1. View exactly where each page break occurs
2. Add or remove page breaks
3. Change the print area
4. All of the above
5. None of the above

36. Cut operation can also be accomplished by using the shortcut key

1. Ctrl + X
2. Ctrl + Y
3. Ctrl + V
4. Ctrl + A
5. None of these

37. Ctrl, Shift and Alt are called ……….. keys.

1. Modifier
2. Function
3. Alphanumeric
4. Adjustment
5. None of these

38. A …………. is an additional set of commands that the computer displays after you make a selection from main menu. [SBI Clerk 2009]

1. dialog box
2. sub menu
3. menu selection
4. All of these
5. None of these

39. Which of the following is not a term pertaining to Word? [IBPS Clerk 2011]

1. Delete
2. Edit
3. Copy
4. Slide show
5. None of these

40. What is the shortcut key for centering the text selected by the user in Word? [IBPS Clerk 2011]

1. Ctrl + A
2. Ctrl + B
3. Ctrl + C
4. Ctrl + D
5. Ctrl + E

41. A Word processor would be used best to [IBPS Clerk 2011]

1. paint a picture
2. draw a diagram
3. type a story
4. work out income and expenses
5. None of the above

42. In order to choose the font for a sentence in a Word document [IBPS Clerk 2011]

1. select Font in the Format menu
2. select Font in the Edit menu
3. select Font in the Tools menu
4. select Font in the View menu
5. None of the above

43. In Word, you can force a page break  [IBPS PO 2011]

1. by positioning your cursor at the appropriate place and pressing the F1 key
2. by positioning your cursor at the appropriate place and pressing the Ctrl+Enter
3. by using the insert/section break
4. by changing the font size of your document
5. None of the above

44. Which of the following can be used to select entire document? [IBPS PO 2011]

1. Ctrl + A
2. Alt + F5
3. Shift + A
4. Ctrl + K
5. Ctrl + H

45. How many ways you can save a document?             [SBI PO 2012]

1. 3
2. 4
3. 5
4. 6
5. 8

46. Which of the following justification align the text on both the sides left and right of margin?       [IBPS Clerk 2012]

1. Right
2. Justify
3. Both sides
4. Balanced
5. None of the above

47. The shortcut key to print documents is [IBPS PO 2012]

1. Ctrl + D
2. Ctrl + A
3. Ctrl + B
4. Ctrl + C
5. Ctrl + P

48. You specify the save details of your file in the                    [RBI Grade B 2013]

1. “Save as a file” dialog box
2. “Save the file as” dialog
3. “File save” dialog box
4. Any of ‘1’ and ‘2’
5. None of the above

49. Which of the following can be used to select the entire document? [IBPS Clerk 2013]

1. Ctrl + A
2. Alt + F5
3. Shift + A
4. Ctrl + K
5. Ctrl + H

50. This program is made by Microsoft and embedded with Windows and used to view Web document.           [RBI Grade B 2013]

1. Netscape
2. Outlook Express
3. Internet Explorer
4. MS-Word
5. None of these

51. When entering text within a document, the Enter key is normally pressed at the end of every [IBPS PO 2011, IBPS Clerk 2013]

1. line
2. sentence
3. paragraph
4. word
5. file

52. In which menu we will find the command document?            [RBI Grade B 2013]

1. File
2. Insert
3. Tools
4. Data
5. None of these

53. Which is the shortcut key to reach View menu?                        [RBI Grade B 2013]

1. Ctrl + V
2. Alt + W
3. F4
4. Alt + V
5. None of these

54. Soft page breaks [RBI Grade B 2013]

1. Are induced by the user
2. Are inserted by Word automatically at the end of the page
3. Can be deleted
4. Are the one to show end of paragraph
5. None of the above

55. The process of making changes to an existing document is referred to as …….. it.  [SBI Clerk 2014]

1. Editing
2. Changing
3. Modifying
4. Creating
5. Adjusting

56. To move to the bottom of a document while working on MS-Word, which command is used?      [IBPS Clerk 14]

1. Home key
2. End key
3. Ctrl + Page Down
4. Insert key
5. Ctrl key + End key

57. To undo the last work, we have to use which of the following Windows shortcut key?    [SBI PO 2014]

1. Ctrl + P
2. Ctrl + U
3. Ctrl + A
4. Ctrl + Z
5. Ctrl + W

58. Shortcut key to go to last line in the document             [SBI PO 2014]

1. Ctrl + Last
2. Ctrl + L
3. Ctrl + End
4. Alt + End
5. Alt + L

59. About margins [RBI Grade B 2014]

1. all sections in a document need to have same margin
2. different section can have different margins
3. Word have predefined margins settings for all documents
4. can’t say, depend on the version of Word
5. None of the above

60. What is the default file extension for all Word documents? [RBI Grade B 2012, IBPS Clerk 2014]

1. WRD
2. TXT
3. DOC
4. FIL
5. WD

61. Auto-text can be used to insert ……… in document.              [RBI Grade B 2014]

1. Test
2. Graphics
3. Any of the two
4. Both ‘1’and‘2’
5. None of these

62. Editing a document that has been created means                   [IBPS Clerk 2015]

1. saving it
2. printing it
3. scanning it
4. correcting it
5. None of these

63. In order to delete a sentence from a document you would use  [IBPS Clerk 2015]

1. Highlight and copy
2. Cut and paste
3. Copy and paste
4. Highlight and delete
5. Select and paste

64. Keyboard shortcut for CUT command is  [SBI Clerk 2015]

1. Ctrl + W
2. Ctrl + Y
3. Ctrl + Z
4. Ctrl + X
5. Ctrl + V

65. What is MS-Word? [SBI Clerk 2015]

• It is a calculating tool
• It is a planning tool
• It is a chart
• It is a networking tool
• It is a document typing tool

66. Microsoft World is a word processor developed by Microsoft. In MS-Word Spelling Check is a feature available in which tab?               [IBPS PO 2016]

1. File
2. Home
3. Insert
4. Review
5. References

67. MS-Word is a text or document editing application program that comes in the package of MS-Office Suite. Which among the given options is not related with MS-Word?              [IBPS PO 2016]

1. Page Layout
2. Antivirus
3. Maillings
4. Format Painter
5. SmartArt

ANSWERS

Computer Awareness Study Material – Microsoft Windows

Computer Awareness Study MaterialBanking AwarenessMarketing Aptitude

Microsoft Windows stands for ‘Microsoft- Wide Interactive Network Development for Office Work Solution.’ Microsoft Windows is a series of graphical interface operating system developed, marked and sold by Microsoft. It enables you to work with a wide variety of programs on your computer, often simultaneously.

Versions of MS-Windows
Some important versions of MS-Windows are as follows

Windows NT (New Technology)
A version of Windows introduced in July, 1993 and made specifically for businesses offering better control over workstation capabilities to help network administrators.
Features

• It is based on High Level Language.
• It is able to run on DOS, Windows 3 and Win 32 applications.
• It has a 32-bit Windows applications.
• It uses preemptive multitasking.
• It provides higher stability and security.

Windows 95
It is a graphical user interface based operating system. It was released on 24th August, 1995 by Microsoft.
Features

• It is a mixed of 16-bit/32-bit Windows operating system.
• It is consumer-oriented.
• It supports graphical user interface operating system.
• It supports FAT32 file system, multi-display, Web TV and the Internet Explorer.

Windows 98
It was developed in 1998. This was produced in two main versions. The first Windows 98 version was plagued with programming errors but the Windows 98 second edition came out later was much better with many errors resolved.
Features

• It supports Internet Explorer 4.0.1.
• It has Intel 80486DX2/66 MHz or a compatible CPU with a Math coprocessor (Pentium processor recommended).
• Windows 98 was the first operating system to use the Windows Driver Model (WDM).
• It includes a FAT32 converter utility for converting FAT16 drives to FAT32 without formatting the partition.
• It also supports many peripherals devices (MX, USB, DVD).

Windows ME
An upgraded version from Windows 98 (Millennium Edition) launched in June 2000, but it has been historically plagued with programming errors which may be frustrating for home users.
Features

• It is designed for single CPU or SMP 32-bit Intel X86 computer.
• It supports 8 or more CPU (the maximum 32 CPU).
• The minimum internal storage is 64MB and maximum 4GB.
• It introduced Multilingual User Interface (MUI).

Windows XP
It is an OS produced by Microsoft for use on personal computers. Microsoft released Windows XP on 25th October, 2001.
Some versions of Windows XP are as follows

• Windows XP Home edition is a version made for home users.
• Windows XP Professional is made for business users.

Features

• It has various users with independent profiles.
• It has 3.75 GB free space on the disk and that the total size of the disk is 19.5 GB.
• At least 64 MB of RAM internal storage.
• It provides 1.5 GB of available space on the hard disk.
• It includes video adapter and monitor with Super VGA (800 X 600) or higher resolution.
• It supports sound card, CD-ROM, DVD-ROM drive, speakers or headphones.

Windows Vista
It is an operating system by Microsoft for use on personal computers, including home and business desktops, laptops, tablet PCs and media center PCs. It was released worldwide on 30th January, 2007.
Features

• It can be installed Pentium 4, higher, 512MB RAM, 32 MB video card and 40 GB hard disk.
• It enhances the features of visual style.

Windows 7
It is an OS released by Microsoft on 22nd July, 2009. It is an upgrade of Windows XP and Vista. It does not include some standard applications like Windows Movie Maker, Windows Mail, etc.
Features

• It supports 64-bit processor.
• It provides touch, speech, handwriting recognition.
• It supports a playback of media in MP4, MOV.
• It includes Windows Bio-metric framework.
• It provides multiple firewall.

Windows 8
It is a part of Windows NT family as personal OS developed by Microsoft and released on 1st August, 2012.
Features

• It is a 64-bit logical CPU.
• It supports 64 TB Dynamic Virtual Disk.
• It provides 3D Graphic supports and Internet Explorer-10.
• It enhances feature of NTML-5 is assumed.
• It is based on Microsoft’s ‘Metro design language’.
• It supports new emerging technology like USB 3.0, cloud computing.

Windows 10
It is a personal computer operating system developed and released by Microsoft as part of the Windows NT family of operating system. The first version of the operating system entered a public beta testing process in October 2014, leading upto its consumer released on 29 July, 2015.
Features

• It is easy to used social media sites like Facebook, Twitter.
• Windows 10 will also include a “game DVR” mode to allow recordings of the last 30 seconds of play, all better for the social gaming.
• Windows 10 interface to adapt based on the hardware it is running on.

Desktop
When we turn ON the computer then the first screen, which will be display on the computer is known as desktop.
The background image of desktop is called wallpaper. A small arrow or blinking symbol, moving on the desktop, is called cursor.
Desktop contains Start menu, Task bar, icons, gadgets, etc.
Some important components of desktop are organised as follows

Icons
A small image of a program, shown on the desktop with program name is known as icon. Icons are small pictures that represent files, folders, programs and other items.
Users can open these programs by double click on the icons. If you move an icon on your desktop, this is called ‘dragging’and after releasing it, it will be called ‘dropping.’
Some of the icons displayed on the desktop are as follows

1. Computer It is the most important icon on the desktop, which contains icons of document folders, hard disk’s partition, each removable disk drive, e.g. floppy disk, CD, DVD, etc. It also allows the users to access drives, printers, removable disk or other system applications. It is the main part of our Windows where all the programs and software backup are stored.
2. Recycle Bin It is also a form of icon on the desktop, which contains deleted files, folders or shortcuts. If we delete a fife or folder then it goes to recycle bin. From recycle bin, we can restore the deleted files or folders on proper place. It is like a dustbin of the computer.
   Once the recycle bin is empty then we won’t be able to restore those files and folders again.
3. Network It consists of all network connections, which make possible to connect the computer from Intranet.
4. Documents This folder contains all your files which you have created and saved in it. This folder contains all types of file format Word processor, Spreadsheet, PowerPoint, image, etc.

STRUCTURE OF WINDOWS

Task Bar
Initially, the long horizontal box at the bottom of our desktop is known as Task bar.
When we open a program or any window, then the button of that program will be displayed on the task bar.

• Middle Section of the taskbar contains the button of programs or documents which are currently being used by the user.
• Notification and the right end of the task bar, consists of clock-date and time, icons of certain programs, computer setting, sound and icons of removable disk, i.e. pen drive.

Start Menu
This menu is the main gateway of our computer’s program such as files, folders and settings. Start menu also contains most recently opened program.
Start menu have following options

• Program It contains a list of installed programs. When we installed any software, it automatically shows in this menu.
• Favorites It is a collection of book marked Web pages.
• Documents It shows a list of most recently opened documents.
• Setting It includes Control Panel, Printers, Taskbar, etc.
• Find It searches for specific files or folders.
• Log Off It provides a password to protect from unauthorized access.
• Turn Off (Shut down) To shut down or restart the system.

Window
The some parts of the Windows are as follows

Title Bar
It is located at the top of window or any dialog box, which displays the name of the window or software program. Title bar contains atleast three small buttons, Close Button At the right edge of the title bar, there is a square containing a [X] called the Close button. It helps to terminate the running program. Minimize Button It reduces to window to a button on the task bar. It helps to shrink the window. Maximize Button It enlarges the window to occupy the whole desktop. It expands the size of window fit to the desktop.

Scroll Bar
It appears at the right (or left) side or at the bottom of the window. A window can display a document, i.e. larger than the window area, so with the help of scroll bar arrow, the user can scroll a document in the window area to bring the view of hidden portion of document. There are two types of scroll bars, i.e. Horizontal scroll bar and Vertical scroll bar.

Menu Bar
Each window contains its own menu which performs specific actions when they have been selected.
The menu bar consists of several options as follows

• File Menu Contains options like New, Open, Close, Save, Save As and Print, etc.
• Edit Menu Contains options like Undo, Cut, Copy, Paste, Clear, etc.
• View Menu Like Normal, Toolbar, Print layout, etc
• Insert Menu contains options like Header, Footer, etc.
• Help Menu for tutorials or helpful information.

Dialog Box
When we perform certain operation on your document and click on the Close button without save your document then dialog box will be appear on the screen. Generally, dialog box contains message, Close button, Yes button, No button and Cancel button. It is mainly used to suggest that what to do next.

Main Programs Inside the Window
Notepad
It is a text editor program. Notepad is most commonly used to the edit or view text files. The file format of Notepad files is .txt (text document).
To open Click on Start menu —> All Programs —> Accessories —> Notepad

WordPad
It is an another text editor program including some few features such as complex formatting, pictures, etc. The extension of WordPad file is .rtf (rich text format).
To open Click on Start menu —> All Programs    —> Accessories —> WordPad

Paint
It is a drawing program, used to create drawing or edit digital pictures (images). The extension of paint file is .png or. jpg or. bmp.
To open Click on Start menu —> All Programs —> Accessories —> Paint

Calculator
It performs addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, etc.
To open Click on Start menu —>All Programs —>Accessories —> Calculator

Media Player
Windows media player is an easy-to-use interface to play digital media files, organise digital media collection, burn CDs, etc.
To open Click on Start menu —> All Programs —> Windows Media Player

Game
Windows have some games like Chess titans., Hearts, Freecell, Mahjong titans, Purble place, Solitaire, Spider solitaire, etc.
To open Click on Start menu —> All Programs —> Games

Files
These are the collection of data stored on auxiliary storage media. In Windows, files are the basic unit to store data. The name given to a file or document by the user is called file name. Filename is used to identify the type of file format. Each file has a specific filename and has a file extension that identifies the file type.
Some common filename extensions are as

Executable File When a file contains instructions that can be carried out by the computer, it is often called an executable file.

Folders
These are containers that you can use to store files. Folders can also store other folders, i.e. sub-folders. You can create any number of sub-folders and each can hold any number of files and additional sub-folders.

Different types of library are as follows

• Documents Library It is used to organise and arrange Word processing documents, Spreadsheets, Presentation and other text related files. It is used to store in My Document folder.
• Pictures Library It is used to organise and arrange your digital pictures. By default, it is saved in the Pictures folder.
• Music Library It is used to organise and arrange your digital music, such as songs, etc. By default, it is saved to the Music Library folder.
• Videos Library It is used to organise and arrange your videos, such as clips, recording, etc. By default, it is stored in My Videos folder.

MS-Windows Shortcut Keys

Keys	Description
Ctrl + C	Copy
Ctrl + X	Cut
Ctrl + V	Paste
Ctrl + Z	Undo
Delete	Delete
Ctrl + A	Select all
F3	Search for a file or folder
Alt + Enter	View properties for the selected item
Alt + F4	Close the active item, or quit the active program
Alt + Enter	Displays the properties of the selected object
Alt + Spacebar	Opens the shortcut menu for the active window
F2	Rename select item
Ctrl + Right Arrow	Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next word
Ctrl + Left Arrow	Move the insetion point to be beginning of the previous word
Ctrl + Down Arrow	Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph
Ctrl + Up Arrow	Move the insertion point the beginning of the previous paragraph
Ctrl + Alt + Del	Restart the computer
Ctrl + Esc	Display the Start menu
F5	Refresh the active window
Esc	Cancel the current task
Window	To display or hide the start menu
Window+ D	To display the desktop
Window + M	To minimize all open window
Window + L	To Lock the keyboard

QUESTION BANK

1. Background of screen is known as

1. application
2. window
3. desktop
4. frame
5. None of these

2. A saved document is referred to as a

1. file
2. word
3. folder
4. project
5. None of the above

3. Active window means the

1. active window is designated by a different color toolbar that other open window
2. window that is currently open
3. Both ‘1’ and ‘2’
4. window that is last used
5. None of the above

4. Windows stores all systems setting in this file

1. ini
2. SYSTEM.ini
3. ini
4. COMMAND.ini
5. WIN. ini

5. Factor making Windows popular is

1. multitasking capacity
2. desktop features
3. user friendly
4. being inexpensive
5. None of these

6. To restart the computer, following combination of keys is used.

1. Del 4- Ctrl
2. Backspace + Ctrl
3. Esc + Ctrl
4. Insert + Esc
5. Ctrl + Alt + Del

7. It is easier to change the name of file using ………… process.

1. transforming
2. christening
3. renaming
4. retagging
5. None of these

8. ………. may be included in other folder while making hierarchical structure folder.

1. Minifolder
2. Tiered folder
3. Sub-folder
4. Object
5. None of these

9. Title bar, ribbon, status bar, views and document workspace are components of

1. windows
2. browser
3. explorer
4. Website
5. None of the above

10. A symbol or question on the screen that prompts you to take action and tell the computer what to do next, is

1. scanner
2. questionnaire
3. information seeker
4. prompt and dialog box
5. None of the above

11. The name given to a document by the user is called

1. filename
2. program
3. data
4. record
5. None of these

12. The background image of desktop is called as

1. desktop
2. deskcover
3. wallback
4. wallpaper
5. None of these

13. All the deleted files go to

1. Recycle Bin
2. Task Bar
3. Tool Bar
4. My Computer
5. None of these

14. When you want to move an icon on your desktop, this is called

1. double clicking
2. highlighting
3. dragging
4. pointing
5. None of these

14. AJAn…… contains programs that can be selected.

1. pointer
2. menu
3. icon
4. button
5. None of these

15. File extensions are used in order to

1. name the file
2. ensure the file name is not lost
3. identify the file
4. identify the file type
5. None of the above

16. To shrink a window to an icon,

1. open a group window
2. minimize a window
3. maximize a window
4. restore a window
5. None of the above

17. Which of the following is appropriate method to shutdown computer?

1. Click ‘Start’ then select ‘Shut down’
2. Click ‘Start’ then select ‘Restart’
3. Click ‘Start’ then switch user
4. Switch off monitor
5. None of the above

18. Files are organised after storing in

1. archives
2. folders
3. indices
4. lists
5. None of these

19. A ……… is an icon on the desktop that provides a user with immediate access to a program or file.

1. kernel
2. buffer
3. shortcut
4. spooler
5. None of these

20. Date and time are available on the desktop at

1. Keyboard
2. Recycle Bin
3. My Computer
4. Task Bar
5. None of these

21. The ‘desktop’ of a computer refers to

1. the visible screen
2. the area around the monitor
3. the top of the mouse pad
4. the inside of a folder
5. None of the above

22. To ‘maximize’ a window means to

1. fill it to capacity
2. expand it to fit the desktop
3. put only like files inside
4. drag it to the recycle bin
5. None of the above

23. In Windows NT, NT stands for

1. New Terminology
2. New Technique
3. New Technology
4. Normal Technique
5. Normal Technology

24. Windows XP released in

1. 2000
2. 1998
3. 1999
4. 2001
5. 2003

25. Windows 95, Windows 98 and Windows NT are known as what?

1. Processor
2. Domain names
3. Modems
4. Operating systems
5. None of these

26. The taskbar is located

1. on the start menu
2. at the bottom of the screen
3. on the quick launch toolbar
4. at the top of the screen
5. None of the above

27. A ……… is a collection of information saved as a unit.

1. folder
2. file
3. path
4. file extension
5. None of these

28. Generally, you access the recycle bin through an icon located

1. on the desktop
2. on the hard drive
3. on the shortcut menu
4. in the properties dialog box
5. None of the above

29. It uses pictures (called icons) and menus displayed on the screen to send commands to the computer system.

1. Command-based user interface
2. GUI
3. System Utility
4. API
5. None of the above

30. This manual tells you how to use a software program.

1. Documentation
2. Programming
3. Technical
4. User
5. None of these

32. ………… menu types is also known as a drop down menu

1. Fly-down
2. Pop-down
3. Pop-up
4. Pull-up
5. Pull-down

33. What is an onscreen picture that represents an object, such as a program or file?

1. Spool
2. Nos
3. Page
4. Pointer
5. Icon

34. What is the command used to remove text or graphics from a document, the information is then stored on a clipboard so you can paste it.

1. Chop
2. Cut
3. Clip
4. Cart away
5. None of these

35. Help menu is available at which button?

1. End
2. Start
3. Turn off
4. Restart
5. Reboot

36. When you save an access project, what file format do you use?

1. .adp
2. .xml
3. .mbd
4. All of these
5. None of these

37. A blinking indicator that shows you where your next action will happen, is

1. CPU
2. cursor
3. toolbar
4. boot
5. None of these

38. Which of the following is not a feature of Windows 98?

1. It supports Internet Explorer 4.0.1
2. It also supports many peripheral devices USB, DVD.
3. It was the first operating system to use the WDM.
4. It provides multiple firewall
5. None of the above

39. For creating a document, you use which command at File menu?

1. Open
2. Close
3. New
4. Save
5. None of these

40. ………… is an additional set of commands that the computer displays after you make a selection.

1. dialog box
2. sub menu
3. menu selecting
4. All of these
5. None of these

41. Information kept about a file includes

1. print setting
2. deletion data
3. Both ‘1’ and ‘2’
4. size
5. None of these

42. What menu is selected to cut, copy and paste?

1. File
2. Tools
3. Special
4. Edit
5. None of these

43. The ability to find an individual item in a file immediately, …….. is used.

1. file allocation table
2. directory
3. sequential access
4. direct access
5. None of these

44. A computer message is “Do you really want to delete the selected file (s)”. The user clicks ‘Yes’ key. It is called

1. program response
2. user output
3. user response
4. program output
5. None of these

45. To open disk, mouse pointer is placed on disk icon and then

1. mouse in dragged pushing the button
2. mouse is double-clicked
3. mouse is rotated around
4. mouse is clicked after rotating it
5. None of the above

46. ………… lets you leave a screen or program.

1. Boot
2. Programs
3. Exit
4. Text
5. None of these

47. Anything written on the screen is called

1. cursor
2. text
3. folder
4. boot
5. None of these

48. Commands at the top of a screen such; FILE-EDIT-FONT-TOOLS to operate and change things within program comes under

1. menu bar
2. tool bar
3. user friendly
4. Word processor
5. None of these

49. A place that user can create to store files, is

1. cursor
2. text
3. folder
4. boot
5. None of these

50. Choices are referred to as

1. options
2. exit
3. boot
4. folder
5. None of these

51. When you install a new program on your computer, it is typically added to the menu.

1. All Programs
2. Select Programs
3. Start Programs
4. Desktop Programs
5. None of these

52. In Windows ME, what does ME stand for?

1. Millennium Edition
2. Micro Expert
3. Macro Expert
4. Multi Expert
5. My Expert

53. If you change Windows 98 to Windows XP, you are actually performing

1. upstart
2. upgrade
3. update
4. patch
5. None of these

54. You can keep your personal files/folders in

1. My Folder
2. My Documents
3. My Files
4. My Text
5. None of these

55. End menu is available at which button? [IBPS PO 2011]

1. End
2. Start
3. Turn off
4. Restart
5. Reboot

56. A file is often referred to as a [RBI Grade B 2012]

1. wizard
2. document
3. pane
4. device
5. documentation

57. You organise files by storing them in [RBI Grade B 2012]

1. archives
2. lists
3. indexes
4. folders
5. None of these

58. In the split window mode, one title bar looks darker than the other, because [RBI Grade B 2012]

1. darker title bar shows window not in use
2. darker title bar shows active window
3. darker title bar shows unavailable window
4. Both ‘1’ and ‘2’
5. None of these

59. To display the contents of a folder in Windows Explorer you should ………… [SBI PO 2013]

1. click on it
2. collapse it
3. name it
4. give it a password
5. rename it

60. When you cut or copy information it gets place in the …………..    [IBPS Clerk 2013]

1. clipart
2. clipboard
3. motherboard
4. Both ‘1’ and ‘2’
5. None of these

61. The steps involved to open a document are  [RBI Grade B 2013]

1. select the document to open from the file down menu
2. click on the Open option in the tools menu
3. Both T’ and ‘2’
4. can be different for different Word document
5. None of the above

62. Which of the following refers to the rectangular area for displaying information and running programs. [SBI PO 2013]

1. Desktop
2. Dialog box
3. Menu
4. Window
5. Icon

63. A clipboard [RBI Grade B 2014]

1. is used to save data on disk in the event of a power failure
2. is able to retain the contents even when computer is switched OFF
3. is available only in Microsoft Word
4. is a temporary storage in computer memory and temporarily stores the cut or copied data
5. None of the above

64. Which of the following refers to containers used to store related documents located on the computer?         [SBI Clerk 2014]

1. Labels
2. Indexes
3. Programs
4. Folders
5. Sections

65. Which of the following contained at the end of the file name and help to determine the type of file?     [SBI Clerk 2014]

1. File property
2. File nomenclature
3. File name
4. File subname
5. File extension

66. Which of the following keys is used to delete characters to the left of the cursor? [SBI PO 2014]

1. Alt + Delete
2. Shift
3. Esc
4. Delete
5. Backspace

67. What is Window Explorer? [SBI Clerk 2014]

1. Personal Computer
2. Network
3. File Manager
4. Drive
5. Web Browser

68. Which of the following statements is a false conceiving file names? [IBPS Clerk 2014]

1. Every file in the same folder must have a unique name
2. The file name comes before the dot (.)
3. File extension is another name for the type
4. The file extension comes before the dot (.) followed by the file name
5. Files may share the same name or the same extension, but not both at the same time

69. If you are performing Windows 98 operating system to Windows XP you are performing a(n)      [IBPS Clerk 2014]

1. push up
2. China
3. patch
4. pull down
5. update

70. When embedding object into document, one of the following occurs [RBI Grade B 2014]

1. embedded object becomes a part of the document
2. embedded object remains outside object to the document, but loaded with document
3. Both becomes a zip file
4. Both ‘1’ and ‘2’
5. None of the above

71. Menus are part of the [RBI Grade B 2014]

1. hardware
2. user interface
3. status bar
4. monitor
5. None of these

72. Graphical pictures that represent an object like file, folder, etc. are [RBI Grade B 2014]

1. Task bar
2. Windows
3. Desktop
4. Icons
5. None of these

73. What are .bas, .doc, .htm examples of in computing?       [IBPS PO 2015]

1. Extensions
2. Protocols
3. Database
4. Domains
5. Other than those given  as options

74. Which of the following are lists of commands that appear on the screen? [IBPS Clerk 2015]

1. GUIs
2. Icons
3. Menus
4. Windows
5. Stack

75. Which of the following is not a version of the Windows operating system software for the PC?    [IBPS PO 2015]

1. ME
2. 98
3. XP
4. Linux
5. 95

76. What is an on-screen display listing of available options of functions on a computer? [SBI Clerk 2015]

1. Document
2. View
3. Tool
4. Format
5. Menu

77. Which among the following key can be used as a shortcut to rename a folder in Microsoft Windows 8 and higher versions?   [IBPS PO 2016]

1. 1. F2
   2. F4
   3. F6
   4. F9
   5. F11

ANSWERS

Computer Awareness Study Material – Programming Concepts

Computer Awareness Study MaterialBanking AwarenessMarketing Aptitude

It is the sequence of instructions in which the problems of computer tasks and steps are performed with the help of computer. A person who writes or performs the program is known as programmer. Programmer use is some specific languages to write program which is known as programming languages e.g. C++, Java, etc.

Programming Language
It is a set of keywords, symbols and a system of rules for constructing statements by which humans can communicate instructions to be executed by a computer.

Programming languages are mainly categorised into three parts which are as follows
Low Level Language
These programming languages are more arcane and difficult to understand. It is designed to operate and handle the entire instruction set of a computer system directly which are generally used to write the system software, e.g. Machine language and Assembly language.

Machine Language
It is the only language understood by the computers. Sometimes, it referred to as machine code or object code or binary language. It is a collection of binary digits (0 or 1) or bits that the computer reads and interprets.

Assembly Language
It is a low level programming language which is used as an interface with computer hardwares. It uses structured commands as substitutions for numbers, allowing humans to read the code easier than looking at binary codes.

Medium Level Language
It serves as the bridge between raw hardware and programming layer of a computer system. It is designed to improve the translated code before it is executed by the processor. C language is known as medium level language.

High Level Language (HLL)
It is an advanced computer programming language that is not limited to one computer, designed for a specific job and is easier to understand. The main advantage of high level languages over low level languages is that they are easier to read, write and understand, e.g. BASIC, C, FORTRAN, Java, Pascal, etc.

Some High Level Languages and Their Application Areas

Language	Year	Developer	Application Area	Nature
FORTRAN (Formula Translation)	1957	a team of programmers at IBM	Calculation	Compiled
ALGOL (Algorithmic Language)	1958	A commitee of European and American computer scientists	Scientific purpose	Compiled
LISP (List Processing)	1958	John McCarthy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)	Artificial intelligence	Compiled and Interpreted
COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language)	1959	Grace Hopper	Business management, string oriented	Compiled
BASIC (Beginner’s All purpose Symbolic Instruction Code)	1964	John G. Kemeny and Thomas E. Kurtz at Dartmouth college in New Hampshire	Programming for educational purpose	Interpreted
Pascal	1970	Niklaus Wirth	Education	Compiled
C	1972	Dermis Ritchie at Bell Labs	System programming	Compiled
C++	1983	Bjarne Stroustrup at Bell Labs	System object programming	Compiled
Java	1995	J times Gosling at Sun Microsystems	Internet oriented programming	Compiled and Interpreted

Language Translator
It helps in converting programming languages to machine language.
The translated program is called the object code. Depending upon used programming languages, language translator are divided into three categories -which are as follows

Assembler
It converts a program written in assembly language into machine language. Assembly language consists of mnemonic codes, which are difficult to learn and are machine dependent.
Some basic functions of an assembler are as follows

• Replaces mnemonic codes by machine codes.
• Replaces symbolic addresses by numeric addresses.
• Determines machine representation for constants.

Interpreter
It converts a HLL program into machine language by converting it line-by-line. If there is any error in any line, it stops the execution of the program immediately and reports the user at the same time and program execution cannot resume until the error is rectified by the user. Interpreter is very useful for debugging and suitable for novice programmer. This is a slow process and consumes less memory space.

Compiler
It converts HLL program into machine language, which can be understood by the processor. For each high level language, the machine requires a separate compiler. A compiler creates a unique object program, i.e. if a source program is compiled, there is no need of that source program because output can be obtained by executing that object program (copy created by the compilation of source code). Compiler converts the entire HLL program in one go and reports all the errors of the program alongwith the line numbers.

Algorithm
It is an effective method that can be expressed within a finite amount of space and time and in a well-defined formal language for calculating a function.
The desirable features of an algorithm are

• Each step of algorithm should be simple.
• It must and in a finite number of steps.
• It should be as efficient as possible.
• It should be unambiguous in the sense that the logic should be crisp and clear.
• It should be effective, i.e. it must lead to a unique solution of the problem.

Flowchart
It is a type of diagram that represents an algorithm work flow or process, showing the steps as boxes of various kinds, and their order by connecting them with arrows. Flowcharts are used in analysing, designing , documenting or managing a process or program in various fields. The two most common types of boxes in a flowchart are

• A processing step, usually called activity and denoted as a rectangular box.
• A decision, usually denoted as a diamond.

QUESTION BANK

1. Which language is CPU dependent ?

1. C
2. Assembly
3. Java
4. All except Java
5. None of these

2. Languages which can easily interact with the hardware are called

1. High level languages
2. Low level languages
3. Middle level languages
4. All of the above
5. None of the above

3. Computer language used on Internet is

1. PASCAL
2. Java
3. BASIC
4. LOGO
5. None of these

4. A computer program used for business application is

1. LOGO
2. COBOL
3. BASIC
4. FORTRAN
5. C + +

5. The language which can be relocated easily is

1. Machine language
2. Assembly language
3. Low level language
4. Middle level language
5. High level language

6. Lisp is the second oldest high level programming language. Here Lisp stands for

1. Level Program
2. Level Process
3. List Processing
4. List Program
5. None of these

7. Computer language used for calculation is

1. LOGO
2. FORTRAN
3. BASIC
4. C++
5. PASCAL

8. The language used for development of various games is

1. C
2. C++
3. JavA
4. SQL
5. FORTRAN

9. Which of the following is not characteristic of COBOL?

1. It is a very standardised language
2. It is a very efficient in terms of coding and execution
3. It had limited facilities for mathematical notation
4. It is very readable language
5. None of the above

10. A factor in the selection of source language is

1. programmer skill
2. language availability
3. program compatibility with other software
4. All of the above
5. None of the above

11. All computer execute

1. BASIC programs
2. COBOL programs
3. Machine language programs
4. FORTRAN programs
5. All of these

12. LISP is designed for

1. artificial intelligence
2. GUI
3. CUI
4. optical fibre
5. transistor

13. C language developed by Dennis Ritchie in

1. 1970
2. 1971
3. 1972
4. 1973
5. 1974

14. Main application area of ALGOL is

1. General
2. Scientific
3. Engineering
4. Commercial
5. Teaching

15. ……….. is a string oriented. 

1. SNQBOL
2. COBOL
3. PASCAL
4. PERL
5. LISP

16. Assembly language is a

1. Machine language
2. High level programming language
3. Low level programming language
4. Language for assembling computers
5. None of the above

17. Which of the following is not true about an assembler?

1. Translates instructions of assembly language in machine language
2. It translates the C program
3. It is involved in program’s execution
4. It is a translating program
5. It does not translate a Basic program

18. Compiler is the

1. name given to the computer operator
2. part of the digital machine to store the information
3. operator of boolean algebra
4. translator of source program to object code
5. part of arithmetic logic unit

19. An assembler is a

1. Programming language dependent
2. Syntax dependent
3. Machine dependent
4. data dependent
5. None of the above

20. Each model of a computer has a unique

1. Assembly of a computer
2. Machine language
3. High level language
4. All of the above
5. None of the above

21. Assembly language [IBPS Clerk 2011]

1. uses alphabetic codes in place of binary numbers used in machine language.
2. is the easiest language to write programs
3. need not be translated into machine language
4. All of the above
5. None of the above

22. ……….. are words that a programming language has set aside for its own use.  [IBPS PO 2011]

1. Control words
2. Control structures
3. Reserved words
4. Reserved keys
5. None of these

23. FORTRAN stands for [SBI Clerk 2011]

1. Formal Translation
2. Formative Translation
3. Formal Transaction
4. Formula Transaction
5. Formula Translation

24. The ………… program is used to convert mnemonic code to machine code.  [SBI Clerk 2011]

1. Debug
2. C++
3. FORTRAN
4. Assembler
5. None of these

25. Which among the following is/are interpreted language?   [SBI PO 2011]

1. C
2. C + +
3. Java
4. Visual Basic
5. Both ‘3’ and ‘4’

26. The function of an assembler is  [IBPS PO 2011]

1. To convert basic language into machine language
2. To convert high level language into machine language
3. To convert assembly language into machine language
4. To convert assembly language into low level language
5. None of the above

27. Which of the following is not a computer language ?    [SBI Clerk 2012]

1. High level language
2. Machine language
3. Low level language
4. Medium level language
5. None of these

28. Translator program used in assembly language is called   [SBI Clerk 2012]

1. compiler
2. interpreter
3. translation
4. translator
5. assembler

29. ………. is a cross between human language and a programming language.

1. Pseudocode [IBPS PO 2012]
2. Java
3. The Java virtual machine
4. The compiler
5. None of the above

30. Which of the following is a programming language for creating special programs like Applets? [IBPS Clerk 2012]

1. Java
2. Cable
3. Domain name
4. Net
5. COBOL

31. C++ language developed by [IBPS Clerk 2012]

1. Dennis Ritchie
2. Charles Babbage
3. Niklaus Wirth
4. Bjarne Stroustroup
5. John McCharthy

32. A set of rules for telling the computer what operations to perform is called a   [IBPS PO 2012]

1. Procedural language
2. Structures
3. Natural language
4. Command language
5. Programming language

33. What does CO stands in COBOL? [IBPS Clerk 2012]

1. Common Object
2. Common Oriented
3. Common Operating
4. Computer Oriented
5. None of the above

34. Compiling creates a (n) [RBI Grade B 2012]

1. Error-free program
2. Program specification
3. Subroutine
4. Algorithm
5. Executable program

35. Machine language [SBI PO 2013]

1. is the language in which programs were first written
2. is the only language understo .d by the computer
3. differs from one type of computer to another
4. All of the above
5. None of the above

36. In programming, repeating some statements is usually called       [SSC CGL 2013]

1. Looping
2. Control structure
3. Compiling
4. Structure

37. A(n)………. program is one that is ready to nm and does not need to be altered in any way. [IBPS Clerk 2013]

1. Interpreter
2. High level
3. Compiler
4. COBOL
5. Executable

38. …………. is a written description of a computer program’s functions.      [SBI PO 2014]

1. Explanatory instructions
2. Graphical user interface
3. Plug and play
4. README files
5. Documentation

39. Which of the following is not a computer language ?       [SBI PO 2014]

1. BASIC
2. COBOL
3. LOTUS
4. FORTRAN
5. None of the above

40. Java is referred to as a (n) [SBI PO 2014]

1. High level language
2. Complex language
3. Hardware device driver
4. Low level language
5. Programming mid level language

41. Which of the following contains specific rules and words that express the logical steps of an algorithm?  [IBPS Clerk 2014]

1. Programming language
2. Syntax
3. Programming structure
4. Logical chart
5. flow chart

42. Computer program are written in a high level programming language, however the human readable version of a program is called              [IBPS PO 2015]

1. Word size
2. Source code
3. Instruction set
4. Application
5. Hard drive

43. The instructions that tell a computer how to carry out the processing tasks are referred to as computer          [IBPS PO 2015]

1. Programs
2. Processors
3. Input devices
4. Memory modules
5. None of the above

44. C, BASIC, COBOL and Java are examples of …………… languages.            [IBPS Clerk 2015]

1. Low-level
2. Computer
3. System programming
4. High level
5. None of the above

45. A set of step-by-step procedures for accomplishing a task is known as a(n) [IBPS Clerk 2015]

1. Algorithm
2. Hardware program
3. Software
4. Firmware program
5. None of the above

46. In Computer programming there is set of subroutine definitions, protocols and tools for building software and applications. Which among the following is a term for sets of requirements that govern how one application can talk to another?

1. UPS
2. API
3. CGI
4. J2EE
5. OLE

47. The use of combination of l’s and 0’s is feature of which of the following type of Computer Language?  [IBPS PO 2016]

1. High Level Language
2. PASCAL
3. Machine Language
4. C
5. COBOL

ANSWERS

Computer Awareness Study Material – Operating System

Computer Awareness Study MaterialBanking AwarenessMarketing Aptitude

An operating system consists of a set of programs, which controls, coordinates and supervises the activities of the various components of a computer system. It is a program which acts as an interface between the user and the hardware. The interface enables a user to utilise hardware resources very efficiently. Operating system (OS) is an organised collection or intergrated set of specialised programs that controls the overall operations of a computer. It is a program that must be on any computer for proper booting.

Functions of Operating System
Operating system is a large and complex software consisting of several components. It is responsible for managing all the resources attached to a computer system.

Following functions are provided by an operating system to the convenience of users
Process Management
‘A Process is a program under execution’. It is the task which is currently being executed by the processor (CPU). The operating system handles the creation and deletion of processes and also manages the scheduling and synchronisation of process. Process management is the important part of an operating system which enables the activities of planning, monitoring and performance of a process.

Memory Management
Memory management of an operating system takes care of allocation and de-allocation of main memory to various processes. Managing the primary memory, sharing and minimising memory access time are the basic goals of the memory management. It also keeps track of memory usage. The performance of memory management is crucial for the performance of entire system.

File Management
File management module of operating system manages files held on various storage devices as well as transfers file from one storage device to another. The file management includes creating and deleting both files and directories, allocating space for files, keeping back-up, securing, easy access to files.

Input/Output Management
The Input/Output management module of the OS coordinates and assigns different input and output devices, namely terminals, printers, disk drives, tape drives, etc. Input/Output Management controls all I/O devices, keeps track of I/O requests, issues commands to these devices and takes measures which would ensure that data is transmitted efficiently and correctly to and from I/O devices.

Types of Operating System
The operating systems are classified as

Batch Processing Operating System
In batch processing operating system, a number of jobs are put together and executed as a group.
This operating, system is responsible for scheduling the jobs according to priority and the resource required. It is the type of OS which does not interact with the computer directly, e.g. Unix.

Single User Operating System
It is a type of operating system which allows only one user at a time. Operating system for personal computer (PC) is single user C 3. They are designed to manage one task at a time, e.g. MS-DOS, Windows 9X.

Multi User Operating System
This OS allows multiple users to access a computer system concurrently. It is used in computer networks that allows same data and applications to be accessed by multiple users at the same time, e.g. VMS, etc.

Multi-Tasking Operating System
In multi-tasking operating system, more than one processes can be executed concurrently. It also allows the user to switch between the running applications, e.g. Linux, Unix, Windows 95.

Multi-tasking OS can be classified as follow

• Preemptive Multi-tasking OS It is a type of multi-tasking that allows computer programs to share operating system and underlying harware resources. It divides its overall operating, computing time between processes, and the switching of resources between different processes occurs through predefined criteria, e.g. OS/2, Window 95/NT, etc.
• Cooperative Multi-Tasking OS It is the simplest form of multi-tasking. In it, each program can control the CPU for as long as it need it. If a program is not using the CPU, however it can allow another program to use it temporarily, e.g. Mac OS, MS-Windows 3-X, etc

Time Sharing Operating System
In time sharing OS, a small amount of time is allocated for the processing simultanously. The time sharing operating system allows multiple programs to simultaneously share the computer resources. It provides to each process to be run on. e.g. Mac OS.

Real Time Operating Sytem (RTOS)
The main objective of real time operating systems is their quick and predictable response to events than any other operating system. Real time operating systems are designed to respond to an event within a predetermined time. It must have preemptive kernels to execute a program. They are- often used in applications such as flight reservation system, military applications, etc. These types of operating system increase the availability and reliability of the System, e.g. Lynx OS, etc.

There are two types of real time operating system

• Hard Real Time OS It is referred to as an operating system that can absolutely guarantee a maximum time for the operations, it performs.
• Soft Real Time OS It is referred to as an operating system that cannot absolutely guarantee a maximum time for the operations, it performs.

User Interface
An operating system provides an interface between the computer user and the hardware.
The user interface is one of the most important parts of any operating system because it allows users to easily access and communicate with the applications and the hardware.

The user can interact with the computer by using mainly two kinds of interfaces
Graphical User Interface (GUI)
It is a computer program that enables a person to communicate with a computer through the use of symbols, visual metaphors and pointing devices. It is best known for its implementation in Apple products.
The first graphical user interface was designed by Xerox Corporation in 1970s. GUIs can be found in hand held devices such as MP3 players, portable media players, gaming devices, etc.

Character User Interface (CUI)
It is also known as Command Line Interface (CLI). CUI is a mechanism of interacting with a computer system or software by typing, commands to perform specific tasks. Programs with character user interface are generally easier to automate via scripting. CUI only uses text types one after another just as commands used in MS-DOS.

Some Important Operating System
Some popular operating systems are as follows

1. UNIX The first version of Unix was developed in 1969 by Ken-Thompson and Dennis Ritchie at AT & T Bell Laboratories. It is primarily used to a server rather than a workstation and should not be used by anyone who does not understand the system.
2. Apple Macintosh (Mac OS) It was introduced in January, 1984 by Steve Jobs and was initially named as system software, which was later renamed as Mac OS. Most recent version of OS is based on Unix because it has a good graphical interface.
3. LINUX The first Linux Kernel was released in October, 1991 by Linus. It is an open source software, means anyone can download it and use it without any fees. Linux is similar to Unix in operations. It is difficult to understand by anyone who does not understand the system and can be difficult to learn.
4. SOLARIS It is a free UNIX based OS developed by Sun Microsystems. The first version of Sun Microsystems was published in 1992 and coined as SunOS.
5. BOSS (Bharat Operating System Solutions) BOSS GNU/Linux (or simply BOSS) developed by C-DAC (Centre for Development of Advanced Computing) was initially released in 2007 and derived from Debian for enhancing the use of Free/Open Source Software throughout India. BOSS Linux provides GUI to the user.
6. Microsoft Windows It is an operating system, based on GUI, developed by Microsoft. Microsoft first introduced an operating environment named Windows in November 1985 in response to the growing interest in GUIs.

Mobile Operating System
This OS operates on Smartphones, Tablets and Digital Mobile devices. It controls mobile devices and its design supports wireless communication and different types of mobile applications. It has built-in support for mobile multimedia formats
Some popular mobile operating systems are as follows

• Android It is a mobile OS developed by Google, which is based on Linux Kernel. It is basically designed for touch screen mobile devices like Tablets, Smartphones, etc. Now-a-days, it is most common as used in mobile phones. The latest version of Android is Nougat which was released on 22 August, 2016.
• Symbian It is the OS developed and sold by Symbian Ltd. It is an open source mobile OS designed for Smartphones.
  It has been used by many major handset manufacturers including Motorola, Nokia, Samsung, Sony, etc. The latest version of Symbian is Nokia Belle which was released in October 2012.
• iOS It is the popular mobile operating system developed by Apple Incorporation. This operating system is commonly used in Apple iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad, etc. The latest version of iOS is iOS 10.0.2 which was released on 23th Septemeber 2016
• BlackBerry It is the most secure operating system used in leading Smartphones developed by BlackBerry company. It also supports WAP 1.2. The latest version of Blackberry is BlackBerry OS 10.3.3 which was released in 2016.

MS-DOS (Microsoft-Disk Operating System)
The DOS OS was developed by Microsoft in 1980 for micro computers. MS-DOS was the first operating system that run on PC developed by IBM corporation in 1981. DOS is a single user operating system. It is only operating system, which can be loaded in the main memory of the computer using a single disk.

Structure of DOS
There are four essential programs associated with the control of computer and the way it interacts with them.

• The Boot Record It includes loading the operating system into main memory. It is the main program of MS-DOS.
• The Basic Input/Output System (BIOS, sys) It provides an interface between the hardware and programs.
• The MSDOS. sys Program It is a collection of program routines and data tables that provides high level programs such as application programs.
• The Command.com Program It provides a standard set of commands that gives users access to file management, configuration and miscellaneous functions.

Configuration of DOS
Config. sys, Autoexec, bat provide the environment to computer to set commands.

• sys It adjusts the system acoording to commands.
• Auto Exec.bat When the system is powered On, this file executes in automatically command line.

Important Extensions and their Meaning

Extensions	Meaning
.exe	Executable files.
.com	Command files
.bat	Batch files
.doc	Document files
.txt	Text files
.Prg	Program files
.ovr	Over lays
.sys	System files

Types of DOS Commands
There are two kinds of DOS command, Internal and External.

• Internal Commands These commands are automatically loaded into main memory when the booting process gets completed, e.g. DATE, TIME, VER, VOL, DIR, COPY, etc.
• External Commands These commands require external files to be loaded in the computer to run. e.g. Checking disk, comparing disk, formatting, etc.

Important Commands and their Uses

CALL	Call one batch program from another
CD	Change Directory-move to a specific folder
CLS	Clear the screen
CHKDSk	Check the hard drive running position
COPY	Copy one or more files to another location
DATE	Display or set the date
DEL	Delete one or more files
DIR	Display a list of files and folders
ERASE	Delete one or more files
EDIT	View and edit files
EXIT	Quit the current script/routine and set an error level
FORMAT	To erase and prepare and disk drive
IF	Conditionally perform a command

Commands Description

MD	Create new folders
MOVE	Move files from one folder to another
PATH	Display or set a search path for executable files
PRINT	Prints data to a printer port
PROMPT	Change the command prompt
REN	Rename a file or directory
RD	Remove an empty directory
SORT	Sort the input and displays the output to the screen
START	Start a program, command or batch file
TIME	Display or set the system time
TYPE	Display the contents of a text file
VER	Display version information
XCOPY	Copy multiple files, directories, or drives from one location to another

QUESTION BANK

1. It runs on computer hardware and serves as platform for other software to run on.

1. Operating system
2. Application software
3. Programs
4. Peripherals
5. Processing system

2. The primary purpose of the Windows operating system is

1. to make the most efficient use of the computer hardware
2. to allow people to use the computer
3. to keep systems programmer’s employed
4. to make computers easier to use
5. None of the above

3. It is the first program run on a computer, when the computer boots up.

1. System software
2. Operating system
3. System operations
4. Processing system
5. Memory system

4. It shares characteristics with both hardware and software

1. Operating system
2. Software
3. Data
4. Utility
5. All of these

5. Which one of the following DOS commands sends contents of the screen to an output device?

1. BREAK
2. DISK COPY
3. MORE
4. ASSIGN
5. None of these

6. Which of the following operating systems is also known as single user operating system?

1. Windows
2. Linux
3. Unix
4. DOS
5. None of these

7. The main difference between Windows and DOS is the ability to

1. multitasking
2. speed up
3. run a program
4. run without power
5. None of these

8. Multi-processing means

1. two or more central processing units within a single computer system
2. two or more programs running at once
3. two or more input devices connected to a single computer system
4. two or more tasks carried out by a single computer system
5. None of the above

9. Which of the following is the main program of MS-DOS?

1. Boot Record
2. sys
3. sys
4. com
5. All of the above

10. Which of the following is not an operating system?

1. Windows
2. DOS
3. Linux
4. Unix
5. CP/M

11. The operating system is the most common type of ……. software.

1. communication
2. application
3. system
4. Word-processing
5. None of these

12. In MS-DOS, which of the following commands is used to delete directory with all sub-directions and files?

1. Delete
2. Del
3. Deltree
4. Move
5. None of these

13. Which of the following is not an external command of DOS?

1. LABEL
2. FORMAT
3. CHKDSK
4. CLS
5. ATTRIB

14. Which commands are automatically loaded into main memory are known as

1. internal
2. external
3. viral
4. situational
5. None of these

15. Which file in MS-DOS contains internal commands that are loaded during booting process?

1. sys
2. MSDOS.sys
3. sys
4. COMMAND.com
5. None of these

16. What is the name of the batch file that is automatically run when MS-DOS is booted?

1. sys
2. CONFIG.bat
3. bat
4. RUN.bat
5. None of these

17. Which type of commands in MS-DOS needs external files to perform their action?

1. Internal commands
2. External commands
3. Batch commands
4. Redirectories
5. None of the above

18. The scandisk program is used to

1. find bad cluster of disk and also remove these cluster
2. scan disk and eliminate viruses
3. scan disk and eliminate .bat files
4. All of the above
5. None of the above

19. Which of the following is not an internal command of DOS?

1. VER
2. COPYCON
3. FORMAT
4. VOL
5. TYPE

20. A command, in DOS, used to set a name to a disk, is

1. VOL
2. REN
3. LABEL
4. CLS
5. COPYCON

21. Which of the following is/are function of operating system?

1. User interface
2. File system manipulation
3. Resources allocation
4. All of the above
5. None of the above

22. ‘DOS’ operating system does not have

1. a boot record
2. a file allocation table
3. a root directory
4. a virtual memory
5. All of these

23. MS-DOS is usually supplied on a

1. hard disk
2. cartidge tape
3. CD ROM
4. flopy disk
5. None of these

24. A program in execution is called

1. process
2. instruction
3. procedure
4. function
5. None of these

25. Memory utilisation factor shall be computed as

1. memory in use/allocated memory
2. memory in use/total memory connected
3. memory allocated/free existing memory
4. memory committed/total memory available
5. None of the above

26. Which one of the following is not the function of operating system?

1. Resource Management
2. File Management
3. Networking
4. Processor Management
5. None of the above

27. The kernel is ……… user threads.

1. a part of
2. the creator of
3. unaware of
4. aware of
5. None of these

28. Real time systems must have

1. pre-emptive kernels
2. non-pre-emptive kernels
3. Both ‘1’ and ‘2’
4. Either ‘1’ and ‘2’
5. None of the above

29. The process of transferring data intended for a peripheral device into a disk, so that it can be transferred to peripheral at a more convenient time or in bulk, is-known as

1. multi programming
2. spooling
3. caching
4. virtual programming
5. None of these

30. When a file contains instruction that can be carried out by the computer, it is often called a(n) file.

1. data
2. information
3. executable
4. application
5. None of these

31. Linux is which type of operating system?

1. Open-source
2. Microsoft
3. Windows
4. Mac
5. None of these

32. The PC (Personal Computer) and the Apple Macintosh are examples of two different

1. platforms
2. applications
3. programs
4. storage devices
5. None of these

33. CHKDSK can be used to find

1. disk’s bad portion
2. occupied space
3. free space
4. All of these
5. None of these

34. ………. provides process and memory management services that allow two or more tasks, jobs or programs to run simultaneously.

1. Multitasking
2. Multithreading
3. Multiprocessing
4. Multicomputing
5. None of these

35. The simultaneous processing of two or more programs by multiple processors is

1. multi programming
2. multitasking
3. time sharing
4. multiprocessing
5. None of these

36. An operating system is said to be multi user, if

1. more than one program can run simultaneously
2. more than one users can work simultaneously
3. Either ‘1’ and ‘2’
4. All of the above
5. None of the above

37. Which file is the batch file that is read while booting a computer?

1. Autoexec.bat
2. Auto-batch
3. Autoexecutive.bat
4. Auto.bat
5. None of these

38. Windows operating system is …………. and ………….

1. multitasking, multi user
2. multi user, single tasking
3. single user, multitasking
4. single tasking, single user
5. None of the above

39. It provides scheduling to each process to be run on.

1. Time sharing OS
2. Distributed OS
3. Real time OS
4. Single user OS
5. Multi user OS

40. It controls the way in which the computer system functions and provides a mean by which users can interact with the computer?

1. The platform
2. The operating system
3. Application software
4. The motherboard
5. None of these

41. The restart of computer is called ……. when computer is already ON.

1. cold booting
2. warm booting
3. shut down
4. logging off
5. None of these

42. What is the name of the program that controls the computer?

1. The operating system
2. An application program
3. A browser
4. The file manager
5. The compiler

43. What does start or restart the computer?

1. Exit
2. Kick
3. Boot
4. Kick Start
5. None of these

44. It is the program that manages the hardware of the computer system including the CPU, memory storage devices and input/output devices.

1. Software
2. Operating system
3. hardware
4. System software
5. None of these

45. In DOS, the ‘label’ command is used to   [SBI Clerk 2007]

1. create the label of disk
2. change the label of disk
3. remove the label of disk
4. Both ‘1’ and ‘2’
5. All of the above

46. Which command is used to delete file from a directory in DOS?     [SBI Clerk 2007]

1. REN
2. DEL
3. CD
4. MD
5. None of these

47. The simultaneously processing of two or more programs by multiple processors, is   [IBPS Clerk 2011]

1. Multi-programming
2. Multi-tasking
3. Time sharing
4. Multi-processing
5. None of the above

48. Linux is a type of …………..  [IBPS Clerk 2011]

1. shareware
2. commercial
3. proprietary
4. open source
5. hidden type

49. Grouping and processing all of a firm’s transactions at one time, is called  [IBPS Clerk 2011]

1. a database management system
2. batch processing
3. a real time system
4. an on-time system
5. None of these

50. Which process checks to ensure the components of the computer are operating and connected properly? [SBI PO 2012] 

1. Booting
2. Processing
3. Saving
4. Editing
5. None of these

51. V symbol in DOS commands is used to    [SBI Clerk 2007]

1. compare two values
2. redirect input
3. redirect output
4. filter data
5. None of the above

52. ………… is a feature for scheduling and multi-programming to provide an economical interactive system of two or more users.     [IBPS Clerk 2012]

1. Time sharing
2. Multi-sharing
3. Time tracing
4. Multi-processing
5. None of these

53. Which one of the following is an MS-DOS external command?      [SSC CHSL 2012]

1. DIR
2. COPY
3. FORMAT
4. PROMPT

54. Which of the following commercial  software products are examples of operating system software and application software, respectively?         [SBI Clerk 2012]

1. Microsoft Window XP and Microsoft Word
2. Microsoft office XP and Microsoft Windows XP
3. MS DOS and Microsoft Windows XP
4. UNIX and LINUX
5. UNIX and Java

55. An operating system is a/an [SSC CGL 2013]

1. accounting software
2. application software
3. system software
4. utility software

56. In DOS, the DIR commands is used to

1. display content of a file [SSC CGL 2013]
2. delete file
3. display list of files and subdirectories
4. copy files

57. Usually, in MS-DOS the primary hard disk drives has the drive letter  ………..  [RBI Grade B 2012]

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. None of these

58. What happends when you boot up a PC?  [RBI Grade B 2012]

1. Portions of the operating system are copied from disk into memory
2. Portions of the operating system are copied from memory onto disk
3. Portions of the operating system are complied
4. Portions of the operating system are emulated
5. The PC gets switched off

59. Linux is an example of [RBI Grade B 2012]

1. freewave
2. open source software
3. shareware
4. complimentary
5. None of these

60. Which of the following is the type of software that controls the internal operations in the computer and controls how the computer works will all its parts?  [RBI Grade B 2012]

1. Shareware
2. Public domain software
3. Application software
4. Operating system software
5. None of the above

61. Which of the following is not usual file extension in DOS? [RBI Grade B 2012]

1. .exe
2. .bat
3. .0
4. .class
5. None of these

62. What do you understand by the term ‘booting’?       [RBI Grade B 2012]

1. The process of starting the computer from the power-off position
2. Connecting computer of the electric switch
3. Increasing the memory of the computer
4. The process of shut down the computer
5. None of the above

63. The DOS command, which cannot be executed with versions 1 and 2 is [RBI Grade B 2014, RBI Grade B 2013]

1. GRAPHICS
2. FIND
3. LABEL
4. MODE
5. None of these

64. Which one of the following DOS commands sends contents of the screen to an output device?       [RBI Grade B 2013]

1. BREAK
2. DISK COPY
3. MORE
4. ASSIGN
5. None of these

65. Which one of the following file names is invalid in DOS?            [RBI Grade B 2013]

1. RIT. bat
2. LISTEN.bin
3. RLUA.btt
4. TALK.bas
5. None of these

66. Which one of the following DIR commands lists a group of files? [RBI Grade B 2013]

1. DIR INVOICE.bas
2. DIR RESCUE.bas
3. DIR PAY ROLL.bas
4. DIR TOOL ? .bas
5. None of the above

67. The capacity of the number of sectors and the number of file entries 3.5 inch floppy for root directory in MS-DOS are respectively (assume floppy capacity to be 2.88 MB) [RBI Grade B 2013]

1. 20260
2. 10120
3. 15240
4. 32512
5. None of these

68. Every computer has a(n) ………. , many also have……………. [RBI Grade B 2014]

1. operating system; a client system
2. operating system; instruction sets
3. applicaton programs; as operating system
4. application programs; a client system
5. operating system application programs

69. The purpose of DISKCOPY command is to  [RBI Grade B 2014]

1. format the disk if it is not formatted before a write operation is initiated on it.
2. overwrite the existing contents of the destination disk as it copies the new information to it
3. make an exact copy of a floppy disk
4. All of the above
5. None of the above

70. MS-DOS is ………. operating system.

1. user friendly graphical [SBI PO 2014]
2. graphical user interface
3. real time GUI
4. point and check
5. command line interface

71. Which of the following refers to restarting the system when it is already powered on?  [SBI PO 2014]

1. A strong boot
2. Hibernation
3. A cold boot
4. Standby mode
5. A warm boot

72.‘DOS’ floppy disk does not have [SBI PO 2014]

1. a boot record
2. a file allocation table
3. a root directory
4. a virtual memory
5. All of these

73. Which of the following refers to the means by which an OS or any other program interacts with the user? [SBI Clerk 2014]

1. Program front-end
2. Programming interface
3. User login
4. User interface
5. User compatibility

74. The OS software and data, thje computer is currently using, are stored in . [SBI Clerk 2014]

1. PC
2. AGP
3. USB
4. RAM
5. Scanner

75. Which of the following is an operating system?        [SBI Clerk 2014]

1. Linux
2. Debugger
3. Mozilla
4. Google Chrome
5. Intel 8085

76. A collection of programs that controls how your computer system runs and processes information is called [IBPS Clerk 2014]

1. operating system
2. computer
3. office
4. compiler
5. interpreter

77. The operating system is the most common type of ……….. software.           [SBI PO 2014]

1. application
2. antivirus
3. communication
4. system
5. Word-processing software

78. What is Linux? [SBI Clerk 2014]

1. Input device
2. Storage device
3. Operating system
4. Output device
5. Processor

79.Which among the following is not a mobile Operating System?          [IBPS PO 2016]

1. Android
2. Safari
3. Symbian
4. iOS
5. BlackBerry

ANSWERS