Telangana History Formation of Hyderabad State (1948-1956)

Contents

Hyderabad State was a state in Independent India, formed after the accession of the princely state of Hyderabad into the Indian Union on 18 September, 1948. It existed from 1948 to 1956.

Operation Polo

Operation Polo, the code name of the Hyderabad “Police Action” was a military operation in 13-18, September 1948 in which the Indian Armed Forces invaded the State of Hyderabad and overthrew its Nizam, annexing the state into the Indian Union.
At the time of the Partition of India, the prince¬ly states of India, who in principle had self-govern¬ment within their own territories, were subject to subsidiary alliances with the British, giving them control of their external relations. In the Indian Independence Act 1947 the British abandoned all such alliances, leaving the states with the option of opting for full independence. However, by 1948 almost all had acceded to either India or Pakistan. One major exception was that of Hyderabad, where the Nizam, Osman Ali Khan, Asif Jah-VII, a Muslim ruler who presided over a largely Hindu population, chose independence and hoped to maintain this with an irregular army recruited from the Muslim aristocracy, known as the Razakars. The Nizam was also beset by the Telangana uprising, which he was unable to subjugate.

The Indian government, anxious to avoid what it termed a Balkanization of what had been the Indian Empire, was determined on the integration of Hyderabad into the new Indian Union. Amidst atrocities by the Razakars, the Indian Home Minister Sardar Patel decided the annex Hyderabad in what was termed a “police action”. The operation itself took five days, in which the Razakars were defeated easily.
The operation led to massive violence on communal lines. The Indian prime minister jawaharlal Nehru appointed a commission known as the Sunderlal Committee. Its report, which was not released until 2013, concluded that “as a conserva¬tive estimate 27,000 to 40,000 people had lost their lives during and after the police action. Other scholars have put the figure at 200,000, or even higher.

Military Governor

Major General El Edroos (at right) offers his surrender of the Hyderabad State Forces to Major General (later General and Army Chief) J. N. Choudary at Secenderabad.
After the Annexation into the Indian Union, Major General J.N. Chaudary who led Operation Polo stayed on as Military Governor till December 1949.
The state witnessed Mulki agitation in 1952 by the locals after a government jobs meant for the locals were given to non-locals.

Rajpramukh

Hyderabad State had its last Nizam, HeH Mir Osman Ali Khan(b. 1886-d.l967) as Rajpramukh from 26 January, 1950 to 31 October, 1956.
First Appointed Chief Minister After the Annexation of Hyderabad State into India, M.K. Vellodhi was appointed the Chief Minister of the state on 26 January, 1950. He was a Senior Civil servant in the Government of India. He administered the state with help of bureaucrats from Madras state and Bombay state. The Nizam was given the ceremonial position of “Raj Pramukh or “Governor”.

First Elected Chief Minister

In the first State Assembly election in India, 1952,Dr.Burgulh Ramakrishna Rao was elected Chief minister of Hyderabad State. During this „ time there were violent agitations by some Telanganites to send back bureaucrats from Madras state, and to strictly implement ’Mulki-rules’ (Local jobs for locals only), which was part of Hyderabad state law since 1919.

Hyderabad State Ministry (1952) :

I Speaker : Kashinath rao vaidya (22 March, 1952-13 October, 1956)
Dy. Speaker : Panpan gouda speaker
Protem Speaker : M. Narsinga Rao (1952)

Ministers:

Burgula Ramakrishna Rao – Chief Minister
Degambara rao Bandhu -Home, Law, Rehabilitation
K.V. Rangareddy -Excise, Forest, Revenue
Vinayak rao vidhyalankar -Finance, statistics, cus-toms,commerce, Industries
G.S. Melkote – Nawab Mehedi – nawab-Public works, labour Public Health, jung Medical, Rural
M. chenna reddy – (Not Marri chenna reddy) – Reconstruction. Agriculture, Civil supplies
Gopala Rao Ekhbhotey – Education, Local . Government

Assistant Ministers

Sankar dev – Social service
Srinivasa rao equilakar – Home
P. Hanumantha Rao – Revenue, Excise
Virupakshappa – Commerce, Industries, Customs
M.S. Rajalingam Bhagavantha rao – Public works, labour
Gambhir rao Gadey – Rural reconstruction
Arige Ramaswami – Civil supplies
Sint. Sangam / Lakshmi bai – Education

Konda venkata ranga reddy worked as a president of Hyderabad Congress Party and Madapati hanumantha rao worked as a Mayor of earlier Hyderabad city. Formerly Hyderabad state was con-sidered as a part-B state in Independent- India.

Districts of Hyderabad State

Administratively, Hyderabad State was made- up of sixteen districts, grouped into four divisions:
Aurangabad Division included Aurangabad, Beeder, Nanded, and Parbhani districts;
Gulbarga Division included Beedar District, Gulbarga, Osmanabad, and Raichur District;
Gulshanabad Division or Medak Division included Atraf-i-Baldah (Hyderabad), Mahbub nagar district, Medak district, Nalgonda district (Nalgundah), and Nizamabad districts, and Warangal Division included Adilabad, Karimnagar, and Warangal districts (present Khammam district was part of Warangal district).

Merger with Andhra State

In 1956 during the Reorganisation of the Indian States based along linguistic lines, the Telugu-speaking region of the state of Hyderabad State was merged with Andhra State. The Marathi speaking region was merged with Bombay state and Kannada speaking region with Mysore State.
The States Reorganisation Commission (SRC) was not in favour of an immediate merger of Telugu speaking Telangana region of Hyderabad state with Andhra State, despite their common language. Pera 378 of the SRC report said One of the principal caus¬es of opposition of Vishalandhra also seems to be the apprehension felt by the educationally backward people of Telangana that they may be swamped and exploited by the more advanced people of the coastal areas.
Andhra State and Hyderabad State were merged to form Andhra Pradesh on 1 November 1956, after providing safeguards to Telangana in the form of Gentlemen’s agreement. But in June 2014, Telangana re-emerged as a separate state. Hyderabad City will continue to be the capital of both Andhra Pradesh and Telangana for 10 years.

Chief Ministers of Hyderabad State

Major General Choudary-Military governor 17. September, 1948-lst December, 1949
M.K. Vellodhi-lst December, 1949, 6 March, 1952. (appointed by Government of India)
Burgula Rama Krishna Rao – 6 March, 1952-13 October, 1956.

Bit Bank

★ In which year, Indian Government, took police action on Hyderabad state ? – from September 13 to 17,1948
★ Who was appointed as military Governor to Hyderabad state ? . J.N.Chaudary
★ Who took the oath as Hyderabad state Raj pramukh (on 26th January, 1950) – Mir Osman Ali Khan
★ Seventh Nizam Nawab Mir Osman Ali Khan died on – 24th February, 1967
★ How many districts were in Hyderabad state in 1953 ? -16
★ How many legislative constitutions were there in Hyderabad state ? . 175
★ In which year, Burgula Ramakrishna Rao took oath as first chief minister of Hyderabad state? – 6th March, 1952
★ Who served as Home minister in the Ministry of Burgula Ramakrishna Rao? – Digembara Rao Banda
★ Who was an opposition leader in 1952? (Hyderabad state) . V.D.Deshpandey
★ What was the symbol of congress party? – Kadeddulu (pair of oxen enough for yoke)
★ In independent India Hyderabad state belongs to which of class? B-class
★ Burgula Ramakrishna Rao belongs to which districts? . Mahabubnagar
★ On 6th March, 1952, with how many ministers sworn in as chief minister? . 13
★ Burgula Ramakrishna Rao continued upto – 31st October, 1956
★ On which day, no confidence motion moved on the government of Burgula Ramakrishna Rao? – 17th December, 1952
★ Mulki movement was raised in Hyderabad for the first time in the year? -1952
★ The state which introduced the teaching in moth¬er tongue? . Hyderabad
★ When did Khammam district was formed? – 1st October 1953
★ In which year, the foundation stone laid for Nagaijunagagar project?. 16th December 1955
★ M.K.Vellody was appointed as Hyderabad state chief minister – 1st December, 1949
★ Raavi Narayana Reddy contested on behalf of which party? – People’s Democrat Front

Objective Bits

1. The date on which M.K.Vellody appointed as Hyderabad state chief minister, chief administrative authority (civil govern¬ment)?
1. 1st December, 1949
2. 1st January, 1949
3. 1st March, 1949
4. 1st April, 1949
Ans.1

2. On 18th April, 1951, in which district of Telangana, land gift movement was start¬ed?
1. Warangal 2. Nalgonda
3. Karimnagar 4. Adilabad
Ans.2

3. How many seats were those in Hyderabad state assembly (1952)?
1. 145 2. 155
3. 165 4. 175
Ans.4

4. When did Burgula Ramakrishna Rao sworn in as chief minister of Hyderabad state?
1 4th March, 1952
2. 5th March, 1952
3. 6th March, 1952 .
4. 7th March, 1952
Ans.3

5. Who served as on opposition leader in the first assembly of Hyderabad state?
1. Marri Chenna Reddy
2. V.D.Desh pandey
3. Raavi Narayana Reddy
4. Sankara Dev
Ans.2

6. In which year, Nizam Mir Osman Ali Khan served as a Raj Pramukh of Hyderabad state?
1. 5th November, 1950
2. 1st Januar,y 1950
3. 26th January, 1950
4. 9th February, 1950
Ans.3

7. The first general elections of India held in the year ? ‘
1. 1952 2. 1953
3. 1954 4. 1955
Ans.1

8. Hyderabad state chief minister, Burgula Ramakrishna Rao contested from con¬stituency of:
1. Suryapet
2. Shadnagar
3. Bhuvanagiri
4. Mulugu
Ans.2

9. Burgula Ramakrishna Rao government continued upto:
1. 21st September, 1956
2. 31st October, 1956
3. 11th October, 1956
4. 11th September, 1956
Ans.2

10. The no confidence motion was moved on first government Hyderabad state on which day?
1. 17th September, 1952
2. 17th October, 1952
3. 17th December, 1952
4. 17th November, 1952
Ans.3

11 In which year, first mulki movement was started:
1. 1951 2. 1952
3. 1953 4. 1954
Ans.2

12. Khammam district formed on
1. 1st January, 1953
2. 1st February, 1953
3. 1st October, 1953
4. 1st March, 1953
Ans.3

13. Anti corruption department was formed in Hyderabad state on
1. 1st July, 1955
2. 1st August, 1955
3. 1st July, 1954
4. Ist August, 1955
Ans.1

14.The foundation laid for Nagarjuna Sagar project on:
1. 10th October, 1955
2. 10th December, 1955
3. 10th November, 1955
4. 10th June, 1955
Ans.2

15. The movement for separate Telangana state •
1. 8-10-1955
2. 9-10-1955
3. 10-9-1955
4. 10-10-1955
Ans.4

16. States Re-organisation bill was passed by Hyderabad state assembly on:
1. 13th April, 1956
2. 12th May, 1956
3. 13th April, 1955
4. 12th May, 1955
Ans.1

17. In which Loksabha constituency, Raavi Narayana Reddy got highest majority?
1. Nalgonda
2. Bhuvanagiri
3. Warangal
4. Mahabubnagar
Ans.1

18. In 1952, how many assembly constituen¬cies were in Telangana region?
1.76 2.68 –
3. 98 4. 88
Ans.3

19. Who wrote the book titled ‘Veera Telangana-Naa anubhavalu’?
1. Puchalapalli Sundaraiah
2. Nalla Narasimhulu
3. Kandimalla Pratapa Reddy
4. Raavi Narayana Reddy
Ans.4

20. Andhra Yuvati mandali was formed in the year
1. 1936 2. 1935
3. 1940 4. 1945
Ans.2